2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解主旨大意題專練一標(biāo)題歸納類.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解主旨大意題專練一標(biāo)題歸納類 (xx·安徽合肥高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)) Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time. She fought for women's rights long before they became a popular issue. Susan was born on February 15,1820, in Adams, Massachusetts. At that time, women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote. At the age of 15, Susan became a schoolteacher. She taught for 15 years. Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women. She helped gain better educational rights for women. She helped give married women possession of their earnings. After the Civil War, Susan became very involved in the women's suffrage movement. After years of lecturing, writing, and appealing by Susan and other women, some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote. The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision. It was not until 1920 that the U．S. Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights. Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86. She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950. She was the first American woman to have a likeness (肖像) of her face on a coin. It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了美國(guó)歷史上著名的女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她努力為婦女爭(zhēng)取了財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)、投票權(quán)等權(quán)利。 【難句分析】　Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，句中that were important to women為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞causes。 譯文：隨后她開始組織婦女群體加速實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)婦女來(lái)說(shuō)重要的目標(biāo)。 1．What was the situation of American women like when Susan was born? A．They had low social status. B．They could vote after getting married. C．They managed money for their husbands. D．They were responsible for decision-making. 解析：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“At that time, women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote”可知，在那時(shí)，女性沒(méi)有什么權(quán)利，地位是低下的，故A項(xiàng)正確。B、C和D項(xiàng)均與此表述不符。 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．Susan's teaching experiences. B．Susan's educational background. C．Susan's efforts to abolish slavery. D．Susan's fighting for women's causes. 解析：D　考查段落大意。通讀第三段尤其是“Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women”可知，本段主要講述Susan Brownell Anthony為爭(zhēng)取女權(quán)而斗爭(zhēng)的情況，故D項(xiàng)正確。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：A項(xiàng)僅為細(xì)節(jié)之一，無(wú)法概括該段大意；B項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及；根據(jù)第三段的“Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women”可知，Susan Brownell Anthony為爭(zhēng)取女權(quán)而斗爭(zhēng)，而不是為廢除奴隸制而斗爭(zhēng)，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 3．What does the word “decision”in the fourth paragraph refer to? A．Promoting the social movement. B．Changing the U．S. Constitution. C．Giving women voting rights. D．Uniting other areas and states. 解析：C　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的“some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote”可知，在Susan Brownell Anthony的努力下，美國(guó)一些地區(qū)修改了法律，給了婦女投票權(quán)；結(jié)合該段第三、四句“The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision”可以判斷，畫線詞指代“給婦女投票權(quán)”這一決定，故C項(xiàng)正確。 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．The first American woman to invent coins B．The problem of women's rights in the U．S. C．The most popular women organizations D．A pioneer in fighting for women's rights 解析：D　考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了美國(guó)歷史上著名的女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她為婦女爭(zhēng)取了財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)、投票權(quán)等權(quán)利。據(jù)此可知D項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。 B (xx·安徽百所重點(diǎn)高中二模) I had the honour of being elected chief of my tribe (部落). With the title came great responsibility. It was my job to make peace with the Maori Tamaki tribe, whose village we visited. Their soldiers jumped from a canoe and faced us down with fierce crying, sticking eyes and much noise of sticks. They laid a palm leaf on the ground and, as head, I was forced to accept this peace offering by picking it up, then touching noses with their chief. “Kia ora，” he said, weling us into the woodland home of his people. My “tribe” was my New Zealand coach tour group, who had forced me into being their leader. We'd been warned that the ceremony was a serious occasion and that to laugh or even smile would be considered rude to the Tamaki. After that it was non-stop fun as they demonstrated their ancient customs and I received instruction in performing the haka, the war dance immortalized (使不朽) by the All Blacks rugby team. Then they pulled our dinner of lamb, beef and vegetables out of the ground. It had been slow-cooked in the heat just below the surface in the geothermal (地?zé)岬? area of North Island, a Maori tradition known as a hangi that goes back an extremely long period of time. Obviously, this form of it is put on for tourists but it was hugely enjoyable. The journey back to the hotel was alone worth the effort, our elder Maori driver being deserving of his own television show. “The wheels on the bus go round and round，” he got us singing, while he circuited a roundabout three times. A couple of days from the end of our trip, there was still something missing, a New Zealand icon I wanted to see to make my grand tour plete. Riding over a ridge, there it was — Aotearoa. The Maori name for New Zealand translates as “the land of the long white cloud”. Can I say “Kia ora, Aotearoa？” You bet I can. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文為記敘文，作者講述了他去新西蘭旅游時(shí)接觸到的毛利文化。 5．How were the visitors greeted in the tribe? A．The soldiers made a palm leaf road. B．The soldiers touched their noses. C．The soldiers shook sticks fiercely. D．The soldiers made noise with shut eyes. 解析：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Their soldiers jumped from a canoe and faced us down with fierce crying, sticking eyes and much noise of sticks. They laid a palm leaf on the ground and”可知，毛利部落的勇士們從獨(dú)木舟上跳下來(lái)，用狂熱的叫喊、瞪大的眼睛和巨大的棍棒晃動(dòng)聲將作者一行人鎮(zhèn)住了，他們還在地面上放置一片棕櫚葉。這些都是毛利人對(duì)游客表示歡迎的方式。故選C。 6．Which refers to the Maori cooking custom? A．Kia ora.　　 B．Haka. C．Hangi. D．Tamaki. 解析：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Then they pulled our dinner of lamb, beef and vegetables out of the ground. It had been slow-cooked in the heat... a Maori tradition known as a hangi”可知，在地下土爐中烹制食物是毛利飲食傳統(tǒng)，這被稱為hangi. 7．What does the author think of the driver? A．He was good at singing. B．He made the journey memorable. C．He was not familiar with the road. D．He performed well on a TV show. 解析：B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段的“The journey back to the hotel was alone worth the effort, our elder Maori driver being deserving of his own television show...”可知，作者一行人的回賓館之旅讓他們難忘：有表演天賦的毛利老司機(jī)讓作者他們一路歡歌，故選B。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．A taste of Maori culture B．Hello, New Zealand C．The honour of being a tribe chief D．The best of New Zealand 解析：A　考查主旨要義。作者作為赴新西蘭的旅游團(tuán)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，在旅游中有幸接觸毛利文化，這給作者留下了深刻的印象，故A項(xiàng)“體驗(yàn)毛利文化”作標(biāo)題最佳。 C (xx·東北三省四市教研聯(lián)合體高考模擬試卷二) On April 14th, xx, my entire life changed in an instant. One moment I was joyfully riding through the sunshine. The next moment, metal, flesh and bones were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash. Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me supermanning toward oning traffic. As if to symbolize the accident that had hit my life, another disaster also occurred on April 14th, xx. It cost the airline industry $1.7 billion. Ten million travelers were stuck for days. Economics all over the world were disturbed. This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, one of Iceland's many volcanoes. However, volcanoes are not all bad. In fact, they are necessary. They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil. This eruption gave off 0.15 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily. But cancelling 48% of the world's flight travel saved about 2.8 million tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere, temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint. Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations. In 1973, another Icelandic volcano, Eldfell, broke out. Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path. After their plan worked, they used the geothermal (地?zé)岬? energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes. A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future. I ran from April 14th, xx, to every kind of escape. Eventually I ended up in university for a new-found love in Earth sciences. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　作者把自己遭遇突發(fā)事件和火山爆發(fā)這種自然災(zāi)害進(jìn)行類比，說(shuō)明遭遇到不幸也有好處，面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況要樂(lè)觀積極。 【難句分析】　Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. 分析：but連接兩個(gè)并列分句，第二個(gè)分句中I would never have realized為省略了關(guān)系詞的定語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：相似地，這次事故深深地影響了我的情緒，但是也讓我更深入地了解我自己，發(fā)現(xiàn)我從未認(rèn)識(shí)到的關(guān)于自身的事情。 9．What happened to the writer on April 14th, xx? A．He was involved in a car crash. B．He was stuck in an Iceland's airport. C．He witnessed a volcanic eruption. D．He was badly injured on a bike ride. 解析：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“The next moment, metal... crash”和“Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me supermanning toward oning traffic”可知，一個(gè)馬虎的騎自行車的人撞到了作者，作者遭遇了事故，受傷嚴(yán)重，故D項(xiàng)正確。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：A項(xiàng)的car crash和原文不一致；B、C兩項(xiàng)都不是發(fā)生在作者身上的事情。 10．Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull? A．The economy was cost globally by the eruption. B．Carbon dioxide increased temporarily. C．Most of the world's planes were held up. D．The earth in Iceland was terribly polluted. 解析：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Economics all over the world were disturbed”可知，艾雅法拉火山爆發(fā)后，全世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)都受到了干擾，即火山的爆發(fā)使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)受損，故A項(xiàng)正確。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：B項(xiàng)和文章第三段中的“saved about... temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint”矛盾；根據(jù)第二段中的“It cost the airline.... for days”可知，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，火山爆發(fā)能帶來(lái)肥沃的土壤，而不是污染土壤，故排除D項(xiàng)。 11．Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano? A．It broke out in Iceland on April 14th as well. B．It symbolized the accident that changed his life. C．It told us to make the best of a given situation. D．It encouraged him to know more about himself. 解析：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“After their plan worked... their homes”并結(jié)合“One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future”可推知，我們應(yīng)該充分利用特定的環(huán)境。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：A項(xiàng)提到的日期不對(duì)；根據(jù)第二段的第一句可排除B項(xiàng)；鼓勵(lì)作者更多地了解自己的是自行車事故，故排除D項(xiàng)。 12．What is the best title for the passage? A．Escape from Volcanoes B．Inspiration from Disasters C．Love for Earth Sciences D．Attitude Toward Nature 解析：B　考查主旨大意。本文作者通過(guò)講述自己遭遇事故和火山爆發(fā)帶來(lái)的好處及壞處，告訴人們要積極應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，所以選B項(xiàng)。