2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解推理判斷題專(zhuān)練一細(xì)節(jié)推斷類(lèi).doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解推理判斷題專(zhuān)練一細(xì)節(jié)推斷類(lèi) (xx·云南省昆明市高三復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)) The Masai are a people who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modern world. They live along the border of Kenya and Tanzania, moving their homes from time to time to follow their cattle, the source of their living. The Masai have bee known as a people of fighters, protecting their cattle against lions and other enemies. Only men are fighters. They wear long hair, which is colored red with clay. They can have more than one wife. Women build and take care of the home, fixing food and making clothing. Women and children keep their heads shaved. Women can also bee elders,_once they have given birth to four healthy children. The Masai depend on their cattle for many parts of their life. They drink cow's milk and blood as sacred drinks. They use the cows' waste to cover and seal their homes. They don't kill their cattle for food, but if a cow is killed, then the horns (角) are used for containers; the hides are used to make shoes, clothing, ropes and bed coverings; and the bones are made into decorations. The more cattle a man owns, the richer he is considered to be. A man who owns 50 or fewer cattle is considered poor. A “rich” man has a thousand or more. The cattle, though owned by the man, are considered to belong to the man's entire family. The family names the cattle and can recognize each animal's unique voice. Masai houses are made from sticks and grass, but they are meant to be temporary, since the move of their cattle means that the Masai move as well. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了馬賽人的情況。 【難句分析】　The Masai are a people who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modern world. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，句中who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modern world為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people。 譯文：馬賽族是一個(gè)在越來(lái)越現(xiàn)代化的社會(huì)中持續(xù)努力保持他們自己的生活方式的民族。 1．What is Masai women's daily work at home? A．They protect the cattle from being hunted. B．They give birth to babies and bring them up. C．They look after as well as naming their cattle. D．They mainly deal with various housework. 解析：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的第五句“Women build and take care of the home, fixing food and making clothing”可知，馬賽族的婦女在家看護(hù)房子，準(zhǔn)備飯菜并且做衣服；據(jù)此可知，馬賽族的婦女日常主要負(fù)責(zé)家務(wù)活；故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．When do the Masai move from one place to another? A．They move when they have over a thousand cattle. B．They move once there are 4 children in the family. C．They move when their cattle need new food sources. D．They move after their houses are not strong enough. 解析：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“moving their homes from time to time to follow their cattle, the source of their living”并結(jié)合最后一段可知，馬賽人跟著他們的牛而遷移，由此可以判斷，當(dāng)牛需要新的食物來(lái)源時(shí)，馬賽人就會(huì)遷移。故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．What does the underlined word “elders” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Aged citizens.　 B．Respected people. C．Brave fighters. D．Wealthy hostesses. 解析：B　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“once they have given birth to four healthy children”可以判斷，如果女子能生育四個(gè)健康的孩子，則她將成為人們尊敬的人。畫(huà)線詞意為“令人尊敬的人”，故B項(xiàng)正確。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：A項(xiàng)意為“老年市民”，C項(xiàng)意為“勇敢的戰(zhàn)斗者”，D項(xiàng)意為“富裕的女主人”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 4．It can be inferred from the text that ________. A．the Masai raise the cattle mainly for their meat B．lions are the primary enemies of the Masai C．the Masai are living a life in a modern way D．the total of the Masai's cattle decides their status 解析：D　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“The more cattle a man owns, the richer he is considered to be”可知，一個(gè)人擁有的牛越多，他就被認(rèn)為越富有，據(jù)此可以判斷，馬賽人擁有的牛的數(shù)量決定了他們的社會(huì)地位，故D項(xiàng)正確。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)第三段第四句中的“They don't, kill their cattle for food”可知，他們不會(huì)因?yàn)橐匀舛鴼⑴＃蔄項(xiàng)與文意相反；根據(jù)第二段的第一句可知，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段的第一句“The Masai are a people who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modern world”可知，馬賽人在越來(lái)越現(xiàn)代化的社會(huì)中持續(xù)努力保持他們自己的生活方式，故C項(xiàng)與文意相反。 B (xx·河南洛陽(yáng)高三第一次統(tǒng)考) All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners. Other children may have manners that are not like yours. There are all kinds of manners. Many years ago, children who had good manners were seen and not heard. They kept quite quiet if grown-ups were talking. Today, well-mannered children have more freedom. Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places. Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia. Some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud “burp (打嗝)” after you finish eating. Burping would show that you like your food. In some countries, if you give a loud burp, you are told to say “Excuse me, please.” In many places people like to eat together. But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat. What are manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you are polite, you will sit down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing. Then he will talk to you. Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia. You should walk behind the other tents until you e to his tent. If you pass in front of the other tents, you will be asked into each one. The people will ask you to eat with them. And it is bad manners if you say no. Manners are different all over the world. But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way. People need ways to show that they want to be friends. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了世界上一些地方的禮儀。 5．How did polite children behave? A．By looking into adults' eyes while talking. B．By keeping silent while adults were talking. C．By slipping into the house without being heard. D．By not opening their mouths until spoken to. 解析：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“They kept quite quiet if grown-ups were talking”可知，過(guò)去，在大人們說(shuō)話時(shí)，兒童保持沉默是一種禮貌的行為。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在在談話時(shí)，看著大人的眼睛，文章中并沒(méi)有提到；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在在不被聽(tīng)到的情況下悄悄溜進(jìn)屋里，文章中也沒(méi)有提到；D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在直到有人跟自己說(shuō)話才開(kāi)口說(shuō)話，故排除。 6．Which custom should we follow in order to look well-mannered? A．Saying “Excuse me” on burping in Mongolia. B．Inviting guests to dinner together in Polynesia. C．Talking with a friend before he pletes things in East Africa. D．Accepting an eating invitation in Arabia. 解析：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“The people will ask you to eat with them. And it is bad manners if you say no”可知，接受阿拉伯人一起吃飯的邀請(qǐng)是禮貌的行為。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：在Mongolia飯后打嗝是一種禮貌的行為，說(shuō)明你喜歡對(duì)方提供的食物；根據(jù)第三段的“But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all”可知，在Polynesia，邀請(qǐng)客人一起吃飯是不禮貌的行為，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段的“You will wait until he finishes what he is doing”可知，在東非，靜靜地坐在朋友身旁并等他忙完是禮貌的做法，故排除C項(xiàng)。 7．What can we infer from the text? A．Hear much, speak little. B．Love me, love my dog. C．When in Rome do as the Romans do. D．Do what you ought to and e what can. 解析：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其是最后一段的第一句“Manners are different all over the world”可推知，禮儀因地域而各有不同，因此最好的做法是入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 C (xx·江西名校聯(lián)盟5月檢測(cè)) Biologist Robert Pitman and his colleagues tracked orcas, or killer whales, and humpback whales off the coast of Western Australia. To research further, the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca, which allowed them to use satellites to monitor her movements. They followed her for six days. During time, the orca attacked eight young humpback whales. During the seven attacks, the orca killed the humpback whale calf (幼獸) on three occasions. But the story doesn't end there. Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitman's study findings may let people think otherwise. When chased by orcas, humpback whales are known to try to outswim orcas. They are thought to do this at high speed so that the orcas can't keep up. On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers' boats. These ways often reduced the attack. But at other times, the humpback whales decided to stay and fight. As the orcas approached, the mother humpback would sometimes move her calf to her side, or lift it out of the water using her head or flippers. She also blew huge breaths of air to disturb the orcas, and lunged or charged at them, slashing (劈) and slapping her tail and flippers. Perhaps most surprisingly, humpback whales also have adult “escorts (護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì))” that try to protect calves that are not their own, joining the mother in defending the smaller whale. These escort whales either charged at the orcas, or placed themselves between the attackers and calves, slashing their tails and flippers. Despite the efforts of the mother whales and escorts, the orcas were more often than not successful in their attacks. But the presence of the escorts did reduce how many times a whale calf was killed. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是科學(xué)家使用科學(xué)儀器來(lái)觀察殺人鯨是如何追殺駝背鯨及后者是如何反擊和保護(hù)幼小的駝背鯨的。 【難句分析】　To research further, the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca, which allowed them to use satellites to monitor her movements. 分析：本句為復(fù)合句。主句為T(mén)o research further, the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞tracker。 譯文：為了作進(jìn)一步的研究，科學(xué)家把一個(gè)追蹤器固定在一頭母殺人鯨上，該追蹤器使得科學(xué)家能夠使用衛(wèi)星來(lái)監(jiān)控母殺人鯨的活動(dòng)。 8．What's the purpose of the scientists' further research? A．To keep a record of whales'living habits. B．To observe orcas' hunting humpback whales. C．To see what life-or-death battles whales may face. D．To find out the techniques orcas use when hunting. 解析：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“To research further... to use satellites to monitor her movements. They followed her for six days. During that time, the orca attacked eight young humpback whales...”可知，科學(xué)家進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究的目的是觀察殺人鯨追殺駝背鯨的活動(dòng)。故選B。 9．Why did the humpback whales swim to shallow water? A．To avoid being attacked. B．To hunt for food. C．To protect their young. D．To trick the chasers. 解析：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers' boats”可知，駝背鯨游至淺水區(qū)是出于自身的安全考慮，為了避免被攻擊。故選A。 10．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4? A．Why humpback whales fall victim to orcas. B．How humpback whales protect their calves. C．The great mother love of humpback whales. D．Smaller humpback whales' ways of surviving. 解析：B　考查主旨要義。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講的是在面對(duì)殺人鯨的攻擊時(shí)，駝背鯨是如何進(jìn)行反擊來(lái)保護(hù)自己的幼崽的。故B項(xiàng)最能概括本段的主旨要義。 11．What does Pitman's study find? A．Orcas are successful in their attacks. B．It's not easy for orcas to obtain food. C．Humpback whales swim faster than orcas. D．Humpback whales could be active animals. 解析：D　考查推理判斷。第二段提到“Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitman's study findings may let people think otherwise”，駝背鯨一般被認(rèn)為是大型的但是通常被動(dòng)的生物，Pitman的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)讓人不這么認(rèn)為。下文接著講了面對(duì)殺人鯨的攻擊時(shí)，駝背鯨所采取的一些應(yīng)對(duì)方式，其中包含積極迎擊。故選D。