氣動機械手的設(shè)計及其PLC控制

氣動機械手的設(shè)計及其PLC控制,氣動,機械手,設(shè)計,及其,plc,控制,節(jié)制 摘 要 在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和其他領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，由于工作的需要，人們經(jīng)常受到高溫、腐蝕及有毒氣體等因素的危害，增加了工人的勞動強度，甚至于危及生命。自從機械手問世以來，相應(yīng)的各種難題迎刃而解。機械手可在空間抓、放、搬運物體，動作靈活多樣，適用于可變換生產(chǎn)品種的中、小批量自動化生產(chǎn)，廣泛應(yīng)用于柔性自動線。機械手一般由耐高溫，抗腐蝕的材料制成，以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)場惡劣的環(huán)境，大大降低了工人的勞動強度，提高了工作效率。機械手是工業(yè)機器人的重要組成部分，在很多情況下它就可以稱為工業(yè)機器人。工業(yè)機器人是集機械、電子、控制、計算機、傳感器、人工智能等多學科先進技術(shù)于一體的現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)重要的自動化裝備。廣泛采用工業(yè)機器人，不僅可以提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量與產(chǎn)量，而且對保障人身安全，改善勞動環(huán)境，減輕勞動強度，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，節(jié)約原材料消耗以及降低生產(chǎn)成本，有著十分重要的意義。 本設(shè)計所用機械部件有滾珠絲杠、滑軌、氣控機械抓手等。電氣方面有可編程控制器（PLC）、編程器、電磁閥等部件。由主機發(fā)出指令來實現(xiàn)對手臂的伸縮、上下、轉(zhuǎn)動位置的控制；主機發(fā)信號到氣動電磁閥，以控制手爪的張合來抓放物體。本設(shè)計可根據(jù)工件的變化及運動流程的要求隨時更改相關(guān)參數(shù)，具有很大的靈活性和可操作性。 關(guān)鍵詞：可編程控制器；機械手；電磁閥 Abstract In the industrial production and other fields, people often endangered by such factors as high temperature, corrode, poisonous gas and so forth at work, which have increased labor intensity and even jeopardized the life sometimes. The corresponding problems are solved since the robot arm comes out. The robot arms can catch, put and carry objects, and its movements are flexible and diversified. It applies to medium and small-scale automated production in which production varieties can be switched. And it is widely used on soft automatic line. The robot arms are generally made by withstand high temperatures, resist corrosion of materials to adapt to the harsh environment. So they reduced the labor intensity of the workers significantly and raised work efficiency. The robot arm is an important component of industrial robots, and it can be called industrial robots on many occasions. Industrial robot is set machinery, electronics, control, computers, sensors, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies in the integration of multidisciplinary important modern manufacturing equipment. Widely using industrial robots, not only can improve product quality and production, but also is of great significance for physical security protection, improvement of the environment for labor, reducing labor intensity, improvement of labor productivity, raw material consumption savings and lowering production costs. There are such mechanical components as ball footbridge, slides, an air control mechanical hand and so on in the design. A programmable controller, a programming device, and electromagnetism valve are used in electrical connection. The mainframe send signals to control the opening and closing of the hand to carry objects. Related parameters can be changed according to request of the changes of the objects and movement flow at any time change the relevant parameters in the design, so it has great flexibility and operability. Key words: Programmable controller; Robot arm; electromagnetism valve Ⅰ