2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第八節(jié) 定語從句.doc

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2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第八節(jié) 定語從句考點(diǎn)一定語從句的基本用法1限制性和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用；非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用。非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間往往用逗號(hào)隔開。He has two sons who work in the same pany. 他有兩個(gè)兒子在同一家公司上班。(Perhaps he has more than two sons.)He has two sons，who work in the same pany. 他有兩個(gè)兒子，他們?cè)谕患夜旧习唷?He has only two sons.)2關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，that，which，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)who指人，在定語從句中作主語，有時(shí)可作賓語(限制性定語從句中作定語時(shí)可省略)。She is the girl who lives next door.她就是住在隔壁的女孩。(2)whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)。That is the man (whom) I met in Beijing last year. 他就是我去年在北京碰見的那個(gè)人。My brother，whom you met the other day, has gone abroad. 前幾天你遇見過的我的那個(gè)兄弟， 出國了。(3)whose指人和物，在定語從句中作定語。Shes the student whose handwriting is the best in my class. 她就是我的班里書法最好的學(xué)生。I live in a room whose windows face the south.我住在一個(gè)窗戶朝南的屋子里。(4)that指人和物，不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在定語從句中作主語、賓語(可省略)和表語。This is the book (that) I want to read.這就是我想讀的那本書。(5)which一般指物，在非限制性定語從句中可指前面的整個(gè)句子，可作主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)和表語。I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning.我想買本詞典，它對(duì)我的學(xué)習(xí)很有價(jià)值。He was late again，which made the teacher very angry. 他又遲到了，這使得老師很生氣。(6)as指人或物，在非限制性定語從句中可指前面的整個(gè)句子，一般作主語、賓語和表語。As is known to us all，China is a developing country. 眾所周知，中國是個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。3關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。I still remember the days when we stayed in England.我仍然記得我們?cè)谟哪切┤兆印?2)where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。This is the place where they used to take a walk. 這就是他們過去經(jīng)常散步的地方。(3)why在定語從句中作原因狀語。Do you know the reason why he was absent yesterday? 你知道他昨天缺席的原因嗎？考點(diǎn)二幾組關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別1關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別主要是在定語從句中的不同作用，關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主、賓、表和定語，而關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可相當(dāng)于“介詞關(guān)系代詞”。Do you still remember the days(that/which)we spent in Qingdao?你還記得我們?cè)谇鄭u度過的日子嗎？Do you still remember the days when(in which) we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?你還記得我們?cè)谇鄭u過暑假的日子嗎？2that與which的區(qū)別(1)只用that不用which的情況先行詞是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞時(shí)。All that can be done has been done.能做的都已經(jīng)做了。先行詞被only，any，few，no，very，little等修飾時(shí)。This is the bus that I am waiting for.這就是我在等的公交車。先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。This is the last train that will go to Hangzhou.這是去杭州的最后一趟火車。先行詞為人、物并用時(shí)。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠?？?dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海已不再是過去的那座城市了。(2)只用which不用that的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。His jokes didnt even raise a smile, which was embarrassing. 聽了他講的笑話都沒人笑一下， 真是太尷尬了。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。Plants get the nutrition from the soil in which they grow. 植物從它們賴以生存的土壤中吸收養(yǎng)分。3as與which的區(qū)別(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。Success，as is known，is the pursuit of many ambitious people. 成功， 正如人們所知， 是許多有雄心的人的追求。Tom has made great progress，which made us very happy.湯姆取得了很大進(jìn)步，這使我們很高興。(2)as意為“正如”，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等；which意為“這點(diǎn)”。John was admitted into the college, as we had expected. 正如我們所料，約翰被這所大學(xué)錄取了。The sun gives us light and heat，which is very important to us.太陽給我們提供光和熱，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)我們非常重要。(3)當(dāng)先行詞前有such，the same等修飾時(shí)，常用as。Such advice as he was given has proved almost worthless.他得到的那點(diǎn)建議結(jié)果證明幾乎毫無價(jià)值。考點(diǎn)三“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1“介詞關(guān)系代詞”中介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能是which或whom。Do you know the man with whom Mr. Black talked just now?你認(rèn)識(shí)和布萊克先生剛才談話的那個(gè)人嗎？2“介詞關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的確定(1)與定語從句中的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配，但需注意，有些固定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關(guān)系代詞前。We cant find the house in which we used to live. 我們找不到過去曾經(jīng)住過的房子。This is the person (whom) you are looking for. 這就是你找的那個(gè)人。(for不能提前)(2)與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構(gòu)成搭配。He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.他架起一架望遠(yuǎn)鏡，通過它可以研究天空。(3)當(dāng)“復(fù)合介詞短語which”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，這種定語從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)隔開，從句用倒裝語序。He lives in a big house，in front of which stood a big tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房前有棵大樹。(4)“ofwhich/whom”表示所屬關(guān)系。He lives in a room of which the windows face south.他住在一所窗子朝南的屋子里?？键c(diǎn)四定語從句的其他要點(diǎn)1關(guān)系代詞which的特殊用法有時(shí)為了使表達(dá)的意思更清楚，可用“which名詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。She may have missed the train, in which case she wont arrive for another hour. 她可能沒有趕上火車， 那樣再過一個(gè)小時(shí)她也到不了。2當(dāng)先行詞是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等表示抽象意義的名詞時(shí)，并在定語從句中做狀語時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。3“介詞where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句有時(shí)我們可以見到“介詞where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，此時(shí)要與“介詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句加以比較。He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.他躲在門后面，從那里他看見那個(gè)人拍攝了桌子上的什么東西。(from where 指from behind the door而不是from the door) 4當(dāng)先行詞way意為“方式，方法”且在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有in which，that或不用任何關(guān)系詞這三種形式。I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks.我不喜歡他說話的方式。5whose和of which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句whose和of which/whom可以相互代替，但順序不同，whose名詞the名詞of which/whom。This is the scientist whose name(the name of whom) is known all over the world.這就是那位世界聞名的科學(xué)家。6分隔式定語從句定語從句有時(shí)不直接跟在先行詞之后，而是中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。There is an expression in her eyes that I cant understand.我不能理解她眼中表達(dá)的東西。7定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致，試比較。He is one of the students who have passed the driving test. 他是通過駕照考試的學(xué)生之一。He is the only one of the students who has passed the driving test.他是唯一一位通過駕照考試的學(xué)生。(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第259頁).根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1He flew to Paris two hours ago，_ he would stay for three days.2The money with _ you were to buy dog food is gone.3The whole city，75%of _ factories and buildings were gone，lay in ruins.4There are species living in the depths of the oceans of _ we still know little.5My friend showed me round the town，_ was very kind of him.6Rock climbing is a breathtaking activity，_ cooperation as well as courage plays all important role.7Jacks speech was listened to by a group of five judges, all of _ agreed that it was the best one this year.8Sam remembered several occasions in the past _ he had experienced a similar feeling.9This research has just been cancelled，_ I said earlier.10Well put off the meeting till next week，_ we wont be so busy.11He was often late，_ made his teacher very angry.12Their daughter came back safe and sound，_ made the couple sigh in relief.13My hometown is no longer the same _ it used to be.14Is there anything _ belongs to you?15This is the best hotel in the city _ I know.【答案】1.where2.which3.whose4.which5.which6.where7.whom8.where9.as10.when11.which12.which13.as14.that15.that.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~關(guān)系代詞完成句子1A good advertisement often uses words _ people attach positive meanings.2Car control is a subject _ the citizens in big cities have argued for a long time.3My friend offered me many novels，most _ I am not familiar with.4The star is to be named after Patrick Jenks，_ it was discovered.5In xx we moved to New York，_ my grandparents lived.6Mr.White stayed with my father for two months，_ time he drank all the wine that my father had.7The novel，_ the text is taken，was written by the American novelist William Faulkner.8John returned with two laborers，_ help we finally got the car out of the mud.9Bob is in a hopeless situation，_ we should keep a close eye.10Experts believe that language learning is a process _ skills are more important than grammatical rules.11The man _ my English teacher shook hands was from Harvard University.12I cant find the gold ring _ I spent 100 dollars.13Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.14The reason _ he was late was that his car broke down on the way.15This is the knife _ I usually sharpen my pencil.【答案】1.to which2.about which3.of which4.by whom5.in which6.during which7.from which8with whose9.on which10.in which11.with which12on which13.to which14.for which15.with which.請(qǐng)改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，每句一處錯(cuò)誤1Our pany has 2，000 workers，of which two thirds are women.2The earthquake about that you were talking sounded frightening.3John once talked to his mom about the cities and people who he had visited abroad.4He said nothing which made her angry.5Which is known to us all，time and tide wait for no man.6I prefer to use the same tools which were used in your factory.7I will never forget the three years when I spent in the junior middle school.8They could spell words in different ways how you might find interesting.9It is the place which the old scholar used to translate many literary works.10That was the reason that he refused to speak at the meeting.11This is the small house less than 15 square meters，under its roof lives a large family of three generations.12I，whom am your good friend，will always be with you whatever happens.13Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday?14It was a meeting that importance I didnt realize at that time.15I refused to accept the blame for something what was someone elses fault.【答案】1.whichwhom2.thatwhich3.whothat4.whichthat5.WhichAs6.whichas7.whenthat/which8.howwhich/that9whichwhere或which前加in10.thatwhy/for which11.itswhose12.whomwho13.去掉it14.thatwhose15.whatthat