高中英語(yǔ) Unit 3 Understanding each other Grammar and usage課件 牛津版選修6.ppt

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Unit3Understandingeachother,Grammarandusage,Objectives,TolearntoidentifyanunrealconditionalinasentenceTolearntheformsofunrealconditionalsTolearnwhentousetheunrealconditionalsTolearnhowtousetheunrealconditionals,Unrealconditionals虛擬語(yǔ)氣,Andyouprobablymuchsleepifyounearwhereaweddingreceptionwasbeingheld.如果你住的地方離婚禮現(xiàn)場(chǎng)不遠(yuǎn)，你很可能睡不好。,wouldntget,lived,Unrealconditionals虛擬語(yǔ)氣,語(yǔ)氣（mood）也是動(dòng)詞的一種形式變化。它表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)所指的動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)所持的態(tài)度，而且，在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上有所體現(xiàn)，語(yǔ)氣可分為三種：陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,Introduction,虛擬語(yǔ)氣(theSubjunctiveMood)是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，而是主觀愿望、假使、建議、推測(cè)、純粹的空想等。,例1：,Thesedoggiesaresleepingverysoundly.,（陳述語(yǔ)氣）,例2：,Stoplaughing!,（祈使語(yǔ)氣）,Ifyoukeepbeatingmelikethis,Iwouldtellyourteacher.,例3：,（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）,虛擬語(yǔ)氣可用于條件句和其它一些從句中。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件句中的情況較復(fù)雜,所以要特別加以注意。首先，要判斷一下是否該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因?yàn)闂l件句有兩種,一種是真實(shí)條件句,一種是非真實(shí)條件句,只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,在真實(shí)條件句中,要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,Ifmyauntcomesthisafternoon,shewillbringmesomegifts.,如果姨媽下午來(lái)，她會(huì)給我?guī)ФY物的。,1.真實(shí)條件句:,Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.,假如他今天離開，他周五將到那兒。,IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.,如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。,2.非真實(shí)條件句:,如果條件句假設(shè)的情況完全不存在或者實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小,甚至可以說(shuō)幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí),就需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表達(dá),也就是說(shuō),此時(shí)的條件句是非真實(shí)條件句。,非真實(shí)條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：,條件句：過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were）主句：would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形,IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldgoatonce.IfIgotthechance,Iwouldwanttobealawyer.,例如：,注意:,在非正式表述或口語(yǔ)中，ifI/he/she/it之后,可用was代替were。兩者在意義上沒(méi)有區(qū)別，但是were更為正式，特別是在表述心存懷疑的事情時(shí)：,IfLucywereready,wewouldstart.假如露西準(zhǔn)備好了，我們就出發(fā)。,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：,Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.Iftheboyhadgotupearlier,hewouldhavecaughtthebus.,條件句：過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone主句：would/could/might+havedone,與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：,條件句：Ifwas/were/did主句：would/could/mightdo,Ifitweresunnytomorrow,wewouldgocamping.IfIwerefreenextSunday,Iwouldcertainlygotoyourparty.,注意:,在與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的條件句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還可用wereto或should+do來(lái)表示,如:,IfIweretofailmydrivingtest,Iwouldhavetotakeitagainnextmonth.,Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtalktohimaboutit.,從if從句的動(dòng)詞形態(tài)來(lái)看，使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句在時(shí)態(tài)方面比起真實(shí)條件句中的時(shí)態(tài)要向后退讓一步。,要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)會(huì)：,比較1：一般現(xiàn)在vs.一般過(guò)去（be動(dòng)詞多采用were的形式）Ifheisathomenow,heissuretobesurfingtheInternet.（真實(shí)條件句）Ifhewereathomenow,hewouldbesurfingtheInternet.（虛擬條件句）,比較2：現(xiàn)在完成vs.過(guò)去完成Ifhehasfinishedhishomeworknow,heissuretobesurfingtheInternet.（真實(shí)條件句）Ifhehadfinishedhishomeworknow,hewouldbesurfingtheInternet.（虛擬條件句）,比較：過(guò)去vs.過(guò)去完成Ifheboughtthebookyesterday,hehadnomoneyleftforlunch.（真實(shí)條件句）Ifhehadboughtthebookyesterday,hewouldhavehadnomoneyleftforlunch.（虛擬條件句）,主句的謂語(yǔ)由具過(guò)去式形態(tài)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如would、could、should等加上動(dòng)詞原形（對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的虛擬）及完成形（對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬）構(gòu)成。,要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)會(huì)：,Iftheykneweachother,theywouldbetalkingnow.（現(xiàn)在）Iftheyhadgotlostlastnight,theywouldhavebeencaughtbythestorm.（過(guò)去）Iftheyshouldlendusahand,wewouldfinishthetaskearlier.（將來(lái)）,Practice,Readthedialogueonpage40andfillineachblankwiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets.,非真實(shí)條件句的省略與倒裝：,在非真實(shí)條件句中,如果有were,had,should,我們可以將if省略,把這些詞置于從句的句首,形成倒裝,如:,IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher.=ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.,IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.=WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.,Iftheyhadmadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.=Hadtheymadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.,如果虛擬條件句中沒(méi)有were,had和should則不能省略if,當(dāng)然也不能倒裝。,注意：,Practice,1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we_allrightnow.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe,2.Ifhe_metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotable,A,A,3._today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves,4.Ifit_thisafternoon,theEnglishpartywouldberuined.A.rainsB.rainedC.willrainD.wasraining,C,B,5.Ifyouhadrungusyesterday,wewould_youthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.tellB.havetoldC.hadtoldD.betelling,B,混合虛擬條件句,非真實(shí)條件句中,有時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作并不同時(shí)發(fā)生,此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要按照各自的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整,而不完全按照上述規(guī)則來(lái)進(jìn)行,這樣的句子叫混合虛擬條件句。,例如:Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,thenyouwouldhavenodifficultynow.假如你聽從了老師的勸告，那你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有困難了。,IfIhadntfinishedmyhomeworkbynow,Iwouldbeworkingonittomorrow.如果我到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)完成家庭作業(yè),那明天我還得做。,Ifhehadpreparedwellforhislessonsyesterday,hewouldnthavesomanydifficultiesnow.假如他昨天好好地準(zhǔn)備功課的話，他現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有這么多的困難。,Ifithadrainedlastnight(過(guò)去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).如果昨天下雨，今天就會(huì)很冷。,例如：Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.-該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬，后半部分是事實(shí)的陳述。,混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣還有一種情況,就是事實(shí)和虛擬假設(shè)的混合句。,注意：,Answers(P40)attended(2)would/mightbe(3)went(4)would/mightsee(5)did(6)would/couldbe(7)travelled(8)wouldhavetotake(9)hadstarted(10)wouldnothaveneededAnswers(P41)(1)hadbeen(2)Had;got(3)Had;had/If;hadhad(4)Would;havebeen,Reflectiontime,Fillinthetable.,Ifwas/were/did,would/should/could/mightdo,Ifhad/been/done,would/should/couldmighthavedone,Ifwas/were/did/wereto/shoulddo,would/should/could/mightdo,1._fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube,2._youhaveanyquestions,pleasecontactourcustomerservicehotline.A.ShouldB.WouldC.CouldD.Might,I.Multiplechoice.,B,A,3.EverytimeIgoout,Iwilltakelotsofmoney_somethingunexpectedshouldhappen.A.otherwiseB.thereforeC.howeverD.incase,D,4.ImaginewhattodayslifewouldbelikeifAlexanderBell_thetelephonemorethan130yearsago.A.didntinventB.wouldntinventC.hadntinventedD.wouldnthaveinvented,C,5.Ifsomemeasures_toensurethesafetyoftheschool,morestudents_intheearthquakethen.A.weretaken;wouldsurviveB.hadbeentaken;didntsurviveC.hadbeentaken;wouldhavesurvivedD.weretaken;wouldsurvive,C,6.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe_sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldntB.shouldntC.cantD.mightnot,7._hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewonthegame.A.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.When,C,A,8.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_.A.wouldsucceedB.wouldhavesucceededC.hadsucceededD.shouldsucceed,9.Ifthecompanyfailedtomakemoremoneynextmonth,it_closedown.A.mustB.havetoC.wouldD.oughtto,B,C,2011高考鏈接,I_throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(陜西)A.couldnthavegoneB.didntgoC.wouldntgoD.hadntgone2.They_havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.(全國(guó))A.willB.canC.mustD.should,3.Wherearethechildren?Thedinnersgoingtobecompletelyruined.Iwishthey_alwayslate.(北京)A.werentB.hadntbeenC.wouldntbeD.wouldnthavebeen4.MaybeifI_science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.(北京)A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying,1.要是你準(zhǔn)備功課再仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)的話,你就能通過(guò)考試了。Ifyouhadpreparedyourlessonsmorecarefully,youcouldhavepassedtheexam.2.要是那場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)發(fā)生在晚上的話,將會(huì)有更多的人死亡。Ifthathurricanehadhappenedatnight,therewouldhavebeenmoredeaths.,II:Translation.,3.Itisessentialthat_(每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).4._(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票),wewouldhavehadquiteacomfortablejourney.5.Imighthavemadethespeech_(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).,everyone(should)bepreparedforemergency,IfhehadbookedticketsinthewayItoldhim,ifIhadnotbeeninterrupted,Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_(drive)inturn,you_(notget)sotired.,2._it_(notbe)foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.,haddriven,wouldnthavegot,Had,notbeen,QuizIII:Fillintheblankswiththeverbsgiveninthebracketsintheirproperforms.,3.HasMrSmithrecoverednow?Yes.Who_(think)thatsuchaseriousillnesscouldbecured?,4._it_(rain)tomorrow,thematchwouldbecalledoff.,wouldhavethought,Were/Should,torain/rain,5.MostofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty.Theysaidthatit_(organize)better.,6.Jeandoesntwanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_(get)ajob,sheprobablywouldntbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.,couldhavebeen,/shouldget/got,weretoget,organized,7.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavedifelectroniccomputer_(invent)before.,8.Welldone,Jack！Thanks.Butgivenmoretime,I_(do)itbetter.,hadbeeninvented,could/would/mighthavedone,MagicLantern,MagicBrush,TimeMachine,Discussion:,Whatwouldyoudoifyouhada?,Homework,1.Practiseusingwhatwehavelearntinthisperiod.2.Finishtheexercisesintheworkbook.3.PreviewTask.,Thankyou!,