2019-2020年中考英語解題策略 閱讀理解.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語解題策略 閱讀理解 閱讀理解是中考測試的重要內(nèi)容。主要考查學(xué)生生理解、辨別、推理的能力。近幾年，中考閱讀理解的選材注重了材料的真實(shí)性，具有時(shí)代特征，與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的聯(lián)系性越來越強(qiáng)。語篇選擇比較注重思想性和趣味性，注重對學(xué)生心靈的塑造。常見的考查形式有三種：選擇性閱讀，判斷正誤型閱讀和任務(wù)型閱讀，其中任務(wù)型閱讀又分為填空型，回答問題型，匹配閱讀型等。 【題型特點(diǎn)】 閱讀理解題是對學(xué)生有著較高的能力要求的一種題型，主要考查學(xué)生通過閱讀獲取信息、分析信息和處理信息的能力。試題涉及對掌握語篇主旨、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)、深層含義、推理判斷、猜測詞義等多方面的閱讀能力的考查。設(shè)題通常考慮以下四個(gè)方面: 1.直觀性問題。直接引用原文中的語句或根據(jù)短文中原語句稍加改動而編成。 2.常識性問題。考查學(xué)生依據(jù)短文信息，并根據(jù)自己所具備的一般常識作出判斷的題型。 3.理解性問題。考查學(xué)生對文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事實(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)及作者意圖等的理解程度。 4.推理性問題。這類題需在深刻理解短文后，再經(jīng)過推理判斷才能選出正確答案。 題型1(昆明中考)選擇型閱讀理解 A city without cars would be very strange，right? But Venice is such a city. Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasnt built on land，like Beijing or Shanghai，but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city. Even so，travel isnt difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat. Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1 ,500 years ago，and built homes there. Water makes the city special .but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge，and theres nothing special. But when they e back to the bridge an hour later, its underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes. Once，people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋 )melt (融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water es ，more than half of the city is underwater. Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italys biggest panies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be build under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem. 1.According to the passage，Venice is a city ____ of Italy. A. in the northeast B. in the west C. in the southwest D. in the south、 2._____ have always been the best way to go here and there in the city. A. Taxis and cats B. The waterways C. 400 bridges D. Boats and rain shoes 3. Venice _____ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1500 years ago. A. change into B. used to be C. became D. developed from 4. Which is NOT the reason why the city gets lower and lower? A. The higher temperature B. Overused underground water C. Too many waterways D. The rising seawater 5. The passage is mainly about _______ Venice. 【題技巧】 本文是一篇說明文，文中介紹了旅游城市威尼斯。威尼斯處在意大利的東北，是1500年前意大利人因躲進(jìn)戰(zhàn)亂而建立起來的，它不是建立在陸地上，而是建立在110多個(gè)小島上，城市里的交通主要旅乘船或者是橋。 1. A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第一段的第一句"Venice is in the northeast of Italy.”可知答案。 2. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句“The waterways have always been the best way to get around”可知答案。 3. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中的“Venice grew out of small islands in salt water lakes when some Italians escaped from a war 1500 years ago. and built homes there. 4. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的信息people used too much underground water. Another problem is the rising seawater, the temperature has risen over the years可知答案。 5.C主旨大意題。本文前半部分介紹了威尼斯的特色:出行靠船或橋; 后半部分介紹了威尼斯面臨的問題:位置越來越低。因此答案選C。 題型2(泉州中考)判斷正誤型閱讀理解 There are about 5,000 different kinds of ladybugs in the world. They e in many different colors. Their bright colors warn other animals or insects not to eat them. Ladybugs taste bad. A bird or a frog that eats a ladybug will remember the bright colors and it will not eat another ladybug with the same colors again. When ladybugs are in danger, they will give out a fluid(液體) that tastes terrible. In many cultures，the ladybug is considered to be a symbol of good luck. Most ladybugs are kind to humans. They eat other insects which destroy crops. One ladybug can eat up to 5,000 insects in its lifetime. Ladybugs have six short legs. They live in many different places，including green lands，forests，cities, the countryside and along rivers. Different ladybugs have different spots(點(diǎn)).Some of them dont have spots at all. The most mon kind in North America is the 7- spotted ladybug. The 7-spotted ladybugs are the most active from spring to autumn. When the weather turns cold，they look for a warm place to sleep, such as under stones or in houses. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子是否正確，對的涂 (A)，錯(cuò)的涂(B) 1 .Ladybugs can give out a terrible fluid to protect themselves. 2. In many cultures ladybugs are believed to bring good luck. 3. Most of the ladybugs are harmful to crops. 4. Ladybugs live in many places except cities. 5. Winter is the best time for 7-spotted ladybugs to go out for food. 【解題技巧】 本文是說明文，主要介紹了抓蟲的生活習(xí)性和生理特點(diǎn)。 1. A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“When ladybugs are in danger, they will give out a fluid(液體) that tastes terrible.”可知:甄蟲散發(fā)出難聞的液體是為了保護(hù)自己，本句正確。 2.‘A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的In many cultures, the ladybug is considered to be a symbol of good luck.’可知本句正確。 3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Most ladybugs are kind to humans. They eat other insects which destroy crops.“可知本句錯(cuò)誤- 4. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的They live in many different places, including green lands，forests，cities, the countryside and along rivers.”可知包括城市.故本句錯(cuò)誤。 5.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的‘"When the weather turns cold, they look for a warm place to sleep , such as under stones or in houses.’可知，冬天它們?nèi)ニX，而不是出去尋找食物，故本句錯(cuò)誤。 題型3(十堰中考)任務(wù)型閱讀理解 Andy was still traveling in Spain when he realized he had to confirm(確認(rèn)) his____1_____home with the airline pany. He was visiting Spain in order to improve his Spanish. When he was speaking to people face to face, he had no difficulty understanding what they said. However, when he was speaking on the phone, he still had a problem. Andy called the airline. And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine oclock three days from that day. She also told Andy to be at the airport two hours earlier in order to check in his luggage and get a seat. Since he was leaving in three days, Andy didnt lose any time. He visited many places as he could. He thought that it would probably be a while before he had enough money again. He wished he could e back and spend a year in Spain. Too quickly, the final day arrived. Andy left early for the airport to arrive two hours before take-off. He hated to rush. He went to the clerk to show his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket in surprise.“Why, sir, but your flight was at nine oclock in the morning, and it is eight in the evening. " "But I confirmed my flight," insisted Andy. "Will I have to pay for another ticket?" "No, Sir. However, the next flight out will be three days from now.” Andy ___2____ of shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation. 任務(wù)一:請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容.分別寫出①、②處所缺單詞。(每空限城一詞) 1.①__________ ②_________ 任務(wù)二:根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全句子。(每空一詞) 2.(A) He Visited as many places as________。 (B) From the passage we know Andy could ________ his holiday. 任務(wù)三：請把上文中畫線的句子翻譯成漢語。 3.________________________________ 4. Why did the clerk tell Andy to be at the airport a little earlier? _______________________________________ 5.How long was Andy late for the plane that day? _________________________________________ 【解題技巧】 本文是一篇記敘文。講述的是安迪還在西班牙旅行的時(shí)候，他意識到應(yīng)該和航空公司確認(rèn)一下回去的航班，由于他的西班牙語不是很好，打電話時(shí)出了差錯(cuò)，他確認(rèn)的航班早已起飛的故事。 1. （1）flight (2) look/ expression大意理解題。第一個(gè)空我們可以根據(jù)句子后面的短語with the airline pany來確定是他的航班，所以填flight;由“Andys _______ of shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation."(安迪的____由震驚變得高興.因?yàn)樗庾R到他可以繼續(xù)他的旅程。)我們可以推測句子需要的意思應(yīng)該是安迪的表情，所以填look/ expression, 2.(A) possible (B) continue意義理解題。第一個(gè)空文中的句子是:He visited as many places as he could.這句話的意思是: 他盡可能參觀很多地方。問題中考查as... as possible，所以填possible, 第二個(gè)空從這篇文章當(dāng)中我們可以知道安迪能繼續(xù)他的旅行.從“he realized that now he could continue his vacation”中我們可以找到答案，所以填continue, 3.當(dāng)他與別人面對面交談時(shí)，他能理解別人的話。綜合能力題。翻譯的時(shí)候注意:When引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，再就是what they said表示“他們所說的話”。 4. to check in his luggage and get a seat。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章當(dāng)中我們找出這一句“She also told Andy to be at the airport two hours earlier in order to check in his luggage and get a seat。”(她也告訴安迪要提前兩個(gè)小時(shí)來到機(jī)場，以便登記行李和安排座位)。所以答案是 to check in his luggage and get. a seat. 5. (about) 12 hours。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從“your fight was at nine oclock in the morning, and now it is eight in the evening"你的航班早上九點(diǎn)起飛,現(xiàn)在是晚上八點(diǎn))可知安迪遲到了大約11個(gè)小時(shí)。所以答案是(about) II hours, 題型4(齊齊哈爾中考)回答問題型閱讀理解 One day，a poor boy who was selling things door to door found that he only has a cent(美分) left. He was so hungry that he decided to ask for a meal at the next house. However, he just asked for a glass of water when a beautiful young woman opened the door. She thought he looked hungry，so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank in slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe (欠)you? “You don’t owe me anything,’she replied, .Mother has taught me never to accept pay for kindness..” Years later the woman needed an operation(手術(shù)). The local doctors could do nothing. They finally sent her to a big city. Dr. Milton, who was famous, was called in for the consultation(會診)。When he heard the name of the town she came from, he went to see her. He recognized(認(rèn)出)her at once. At the same time, he made his decision to try his best to save her life. After hard work, the operation was successful. Dr. Milton asked the nurse to pass the final bill to him. He wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the patients room. She was afraid to open it because she thought it would cost all her money. To her surprise, she saw these words written by Dr. Milton: "Paid in full with a glass of milk.’ Tears ran out of her eyes as she said silently, "Thank you. Love has spread through human hearts and hands.” Answer the following questions according to what you read： 1. What was the boy doing when he only had a cent left? 2. What did the boy ask for from the young woman? 3. What did Dr. Milton decided to do when he recognized the woman? 4. How did the woman feel when she saw the words written by Dr. Milton? 5. The woman had to pay the bill with all her money, didnt she? 【解題技巧】 本文是一篇記敘文，敘述的是一個(gè)窮孩子靠買東西生存，有一天他饑餓的時(shí)候，一位年輕漂亮的婦女給了他一大杯牛奶，而該婦女不求任何報(bào)酬。數(shù)年后，這位婦女得病需要做手術(shù)，而需要名醫(yī)Dr. Milton，巧合的是這位名醫(yī)正是當(dāng)年接受這位好心婦女送給的一大杯牛奶的窮男孩，這位名醫(yī)認(rèn)出了這位婦女，決定立即給她做手術(shù)。經(jīng)過努力，手術(shù)非常成功. Dr. Milton在錄后的帳單上寫上了:用一大杯牛奶付清了。這位婦女昨常驚訝。本文從另一個(gè)側(cè)面來教育我們，人人都要有一顆感恩的心.讓世界充滿愛。 1. He was selling things (door to door).本題的題意是:當(dāng)這個(gè)男孩只剩下一美分的時(shí)候.他在干什么?由文中的第一句“One day, a poor boy who was selling things door to door found that he only has a cent(美分) left.”可知答案。但本句里用的定語從句，回答問題時(shí)需要根據(jù)句意重新組織句子。 2. A glass of water.本題的題意是:這個(gè)男孩向那個(gè)年輕的婦女要什么?通過讀文章可知 這一句 “However, he just asked for a glass of water when a beautiful young woman opened the door.”能回答這個(gè)問 題。關(guān)鍵詞是a glass of water, 3. He decided to do his best to save her life./To save her./To help her./He wanted to thank/ reward her.本題的題意是:當(dāng)他認(rèn)出這個(gè)婦女后，Milton決定做什么?結(jié)合文章可知從這兩句“He recognized (認(rèn)出)her at once. At the same time, he made his decision to try his best to save her life.”中可以得出本題的答案。. 4. She felt/ was thankful/ grateful/ moved/surprised/ excited/ happy…本題的題意是:當(dāng)這個(gè)婦女看到那些文字時(shí)，她是怎樣的感覺?由文中的最后一段的意思:她淚流滿面，默默地說“謝謝你，愛已經(jīng)通過人們的心和手傳遞下去了”可以推測她當(dāng)時(shí)的感覺應(yīng)該是興奮、激動、幸福……之類的。 5. No, she didnt.本題的題意是:這個(gè)婦女不得不自己付所有的錢，不是嗎?根據(jù)文章的愈思可知這個(gè)婦女的治療費(fèi)用全部由Milton醫(yī)生代付。所以答案是否定的。 題型5(河南中考)短文還原型閱讀理解 Do you like to tell stories? Do you like to write? Sometimes those questions have two different answers. _____1______ However, it can be hard to write them down on paper. ___2___ Even professional(職業(yè)的) writers do not write everything perfectly the first time. They have to revise(修正)their work. When you revise your writing, you look for ways to change it that will make it better.____3_____ . You make sure that you have used capitals (大寫)，periods and other punctuation marks in the best way. You look for words that can be taken out or changed for different, more exciting worth. You make sure that your words help the reader get a picture in his mind when he reads them. Writing is one of those skill，that take practice. The changes you make can turn boring words into exciting words. ____4____Don’t be afraid to make changes. The first time you write on a topic, you get your ideas down on paper. ____5___ Its making it ready for readers to enjoy. 根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從下面五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填人文中空缺處的最佳選項(xiàng), 使短文意思通順., 內(nèi)容完整，并將其標(biāo)號填寫在下面題號后的橫線上。 A. You check your spelling. B. Revising your writing is important. C. Many children love to tell stories out loud. D. Revising your writing is cleaning it up. E. It can make your ideas e alive. 1.________, 2. ________, 3. ________, 4. ________, 5. ________, 【解題技巧】 故事寫完之后需要修正，短文敘述的是修正故事的重要性以及如何潤色和整理故事，從而讓讀者易于欣賞，在腦海中留下一副清晰的圖像。 1.c語境理解題。下文“然而，把它們寫在紙上卻很難”說明上句是關(guān)于講故事的。故選c項(xiàng)。 2. B語境理解題。下文“即使職業(yè)作家第一次寫的也不是完美的”和下文“必須修正他們的作品”，提示本句空格處填B項(xiàng)“修正你的作品是很重要的”。 3.A語境理解題。由下文的修正大寫、句號和其他標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，可知上文是關(guān)于具體修正的內(nèi)容的，故選項(xiàng)A“你檢查你的拼寫”和下文貫通。 4.E語境理解題。承接上文“把沒有意思的表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換為令人興奮表達(dá)的表達(dá)”可知選E項(xiàng)，繼續(xù)說明修正的作用“能夠使你的觀點(diǎn)鮮活起來”。 5. D語境理解題。上文“你第一次寫一個(gè)話題，把你的觀點(diǎn)寫在紙上”和下文“使讀者易于欣賞”判定選D項(xiàng)“修正你的作品就是整理你的作品”。 題型6(綏化中考)配對型閱讀理解 ( )1 .Every year, thousands of students choose to study in another country for a term，the summer, or a year. Studying abroad can be an exciting experience for many people. ( )2. Living in another country can help you to learn a language，and about another culture. You will see the world in a new way，and learn more about yourself. The experience of studying abroad may also look good 0n your future resume(求職簡歷).Many panies today want people who speak a second language.，or have experienced living or working in another country ( )3. Once you decide to study abroad，you have to make choices. To choose the right country，ask yourself: Where do I want to go and why? How much do I want to pay? How long do I want to study abroad? Do I want to live with roommates，alone or somewhere else? ( )4. Get your passport and visa(簽證) early! Before you go, learn some of the languages，and read about some mon customs (習(xí)俗)in the country that you are going to. Learn about the money, bring some of it with you. ( )5. After the first few weeks abroad, many students will feel a little homesick(想家)They may miss their family，friends，and familiar ways of doing things. Remember that it takes time to get used to a new place，school，and culture. When you feel sad or homesick，try to talk to others，or write about your feelings in a notebook. A.Once you are in another country B. Why study in another country C. So many students choose to study abroad D. Making the right choice E. How to get a passport and visa F. Getting ready. 【解題技巧】 本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹出國留學(xué)的相關(guān)事項(xiàng)。 1. C主旨大意題。由此段第一句“Every year, thousands of students choose to study in another country for a term, the summer, or a year.’，(每年，成千上萬的學(xué)生選擇在其他國家學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)學(xué)期，一個(gè)夏天或一年。)，可見有許多學(xué)生選擇留學(xué)，所以選擇答案C 2. B主旨大意題。本段闡述了留學(xué)的許多好處，是對為何留學(xué)的回答，所以選擇答案”。 3. D主旨大意題。此段第一句“Once you decide to study abroad，you have to make choices.”點(diǎn)明中心思想一旦你決定留學(xué)，你得作出(正確的)選擇，所以選D 4.F主旨大意題。本段都在闡述留學(xué)前的準(zhǔn)備工作，比如準(zhǔn)備好護(hù)照和簽證，走之前，學(xué)習(xí)一些語言，了解一些常見習(xí)俗等。所以選F, 5.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)本段第一句“After the first few weeks abroad，many students will feel a little homesick(想家).” (在國外的最初幾周，很多同學(xué)會覺得有點(diǎn)兒想家。) 可知選A 【方法點(diǎn)撥】如何做閱讀理解題: 1.略讀全文，掌握主旨大意。略讀時(shí)要持別注意短文的首段、首句或末句。一般文章的主旨大意就在這里。抓住每段中的關(guān)健詞語的主旨以及主要信息的分布，便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布，再答題時(shí)就心中有數(shù)了。 2.推測詞義，注意要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。閱讀中不要過分推敲語言點(diǎn)，.要捕捉每段乃至整篇文章的提綱，對于文章中出現(xiàn)的生詞或看不懂的句子.可以根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推測。 3.尋讀。掌握短文的主旨大意之后，應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀題目，準(zhǔn)確理解提議及其范圍，帶著問題到短文中尋找相關(guān)答案。一般的事實(shí)題可直接從文中找出答案。但也要認(rèn)真斟的，透過表層結(jié)構(gòu)、領(lǐng)會其深層含義。而較為深層次的邏輯推理判斷題，則需要在對全文理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行。因此.做這類題切忌摻雜主觀因素。 4.復(fù)讀審核。初次答完題后，要對照短文內(nèi)容對所選答案通盤審核，反復(fù)斟的，做出修正，以減少錯(cuò)誤疏漏