九年級(jí)英語上冊(cè) Unit 1 The Changing World現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)梳理 （新版）仁愛版.doc

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Unit 1 The Changing World現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)【概念引入】欣賞含有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的名言：Life has taught me to think, but thinking has not taught me to live. 生活教會(huì)了我思考，但思考卻沒有教會(huì)我生活。Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories. We have already missed the spring. 對(duì)于那些沒有溫馨回憶的人們來說，冬天一定很冷。我們已經(jīng)錯(cuò)過春天了。Nature has given us the seeds of knowledge, but not knowledge itself. 在自然賦予我們知識(shí)的種子，而非知識(shí)本身?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是：助動(dòng)詞have（has）+過去分詞構(gòu)成的。I have finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句：是在助動(dòng)詞have(has)的后面加not構(gòu)成。I havent seen the film so far. 到目前為止，我還沒有看那部電影?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句：是把助動(dòng)詞have(has)提到句子主語的前面。Have you seen the film yet? 你看過那部電影了嗎？【用法講解】一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義及用法（1）表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）Have you read that story？你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎？（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。） 在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問句和否定句中。I have already finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。 He has just had his meal. 他剛吃過飯。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？ They havent started yet他們還沒有動(dòng)身。 We have never heard of it 我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義及用法（2）表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實(shí)質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這時(shí)往往與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語連用。I have been here for just over two years. 我到這里才兩年多。He has worked here since 1989. 從1989年，他就在這里工作。1） 因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have等。2）使用的時(shí)間狀語通常由for或since 引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長時(shí)間。如：for three years, for half an hour等。 since 作介詞，后面可以接一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如since 1980，也可以接“一段時(shí)間+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。since 還可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：We have known each other since we went to college. 自從我們上大學(xué)我們就彼此認(rèn)識(shí)了。3）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for 或since 連用，但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語來替換這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如: comebe, come tobe in / at, go out be out, leavebe away, beginbe on, stop be over， buy have, borrow keep, openbe open, closebe closed, joinbe a member of, diebe dead, catch a coldhave a cold, get to knowknow, become a teacher be a teacher, fall asleepbe asleep, fall ill be ill等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別及聯(lián)系：1）都表示過去發(fā)生的事；2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用；3）一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時(shí)間連用（last, ago, yesterday, etc.）。He had his breakfast at 6:00. （一般過去時(shí)） 他六點(diǎn)鐘吃的早飯。He has had his breakfast.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）他吃過早飯了。四、have gone to， have been to與have been in 的用法比較have/has gone to:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回；have/has been to:曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了,后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語;have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。They have gone to England, and they will go back next week. 他們?nèi)ビ耍轮芑貋?。Mr. Green has been in China for many years. 格林先生在中國呆過好多年了。Miss Brown has been to Japan twice. 布朗小姐到日本去過兩次。五、重點(diǎn)句型:It is/ has been+段時(shí)間+since從句 段時(shí)間+has passed+ since從句舉例：他死了兩年了。（可用多種句式表達(dá)）He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.