初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講PPT.ppt

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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),thePresentPerfectTense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),助動(dòng)詞have(has)+過(guò)去分詞done,二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法,過(guò)影響現(xiàn),過(guò)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,兩“去”,Icantfindmypen.Ihavelostit.,Haveyoufinishedityet?,Hehasworkedhereforayear.,Ihavebeeninthisschoolsince1999.,HehasbeentoChinatwice.,Heisnthere.Hehasgonetothelibrary.,2019/12/24,4,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(態(tài)),1,2,1,2,1,2,三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,have/has+V過(guò)分1.持續(xù)2.影響時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：,already,never,ever,just,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段,yet,past,now,Yesterday,wecleanedtheclassroom.,Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.,用法1,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響,1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause_2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI_,myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.,haveseenitbefore,havedoneit.,“仍然，還”用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaventreadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?,already:,Yet:,“已經(jīng)”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有時(shí)，也用在疑問(wèn)句中表示驚訝。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?,“從來(lái)不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.,ever,never,“曾經(jīng)”通常用于疑問(wèn)句和肯定句中,放在句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?,“以前”用在完成時(shí)中，放在句末。haveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.,just,before,“剛剛”用在陳述句中,放在句中。Ihavejustboughtanovel。,Shebegantoworkin2005.Shestillworksherenow.Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor3years.,now,past,IbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.,IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolforfiveyears.,用法2：,過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。,1.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I_forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.,haveworked,havestayed,sinceandfor,Thewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago),since2yearsago,since1998,sinceshecametotheschool),for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for2years/alongtime,一、用for和since填空。,_threehours_threeoclock_twodays_yesterdayafternoon_Icamehere_lastSunday,_aweek_alongtime_1997_twoweeks_threeyearsago_lastmonth,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,1.Theyveknowneachothersince_.A.1995B.threeyears2.IvebeeninterestedinChinesefor_.A.lastyearB.oneyear3.Shehasbeenadoctorfor_.A.twoyearsB.twoyearsago4.Ivehadaheadachesince_.A.IgotupthismorningB.fivehours5.Wevebeenherefor_.A.onehourB.oneoclock,A,A,B,A,B,6.Myparentshaveownedthishousefor_.A.alongtimeB.manyyearsago7.Theyvebeeninlovesince_.A.lastspringB.threemonths8.Wehaveknowneachothersince_.A.oneyearB.lastyear9.-Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?-Since_.A.lastnightB.twodays10.-Howlonghassheworkedhere?-Shehasworkedherefor_.A.1993B.sixyears,A,A,B,A,B,Exercise根據(jù)所給情況，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.ShesaysWouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?Yousay:No,thankyou._(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersaysCanIspeaktoJoe?Yousay:Imafraid_.(goout),hehasjustgoneout,Ivejusthadlunch.,3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(預(yù)定）atable.LateryourfriendsaysShallIphonetoreserveatable?Yousay:No,_it(do),Ihaventfinishedityet.,Ihavealreadydone,1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢花了.)Janehasjusthadit.(含義是:簡(jiǎn)現(xiàn)在不餓了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地),2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),常與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Ihaventseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.,3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等:Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaventseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet？,4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.,5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如now,now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.,6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在之前已完成的動(dòng)作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,在后面加上for+一段時(shí)間,則現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性.ThomashasstudiedRussian.(現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)俄語(yǔ))ThomashasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.(同第2點(diǎn)用法第一個(gè)例句),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成”和“未完成”用法,7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.,have(has)gone和have(has)been的區(qū)別,1.have(has)gone表示“已經(jīng)去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。),2.have(has)been表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說(shuō)明她曾經(jīng)去過(guò)。),非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與時(shí)間段連用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等詞語(yǔ)是瞬間動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的，不能延續(xù)，不能與for、since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，也不能用于howlong引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句中。如不能說(shuō)：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.()但可以說(shuō)：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.,這些瞬間動(dòng)詞常與它對(duì)應(yīng)的可以表示時(shí)間段的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行互換。becomebeborrowkeepbuyhavebegin(start)beonopenbeopendiebedeadleave-beawaycome-behere/ingooutbeoutjoin-beamember/beinbegintostudy-study,注明：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：Ihaventboughtanythingfortwodays.,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動(dòng)詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種：原形+ed如：worked,passed詞尾是e時(shí)，直接加d如：likedlived若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾為“元音字母+y”時(shí)，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)是，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式以及過(guò)去分詞巧記規(guī)律,AAA:putputputletletletABA:becomebecamebecomeABB:standstoodstoodABC:eatateeaten,AAA,cost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid一、原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：動(dòng)詞read的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是ri:d-red-red。,有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcome,ABA,ABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞),1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改變單詞中間元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged),ABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞),ABC,ABC,有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied),比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的是過(guò)去的發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990。*一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Ihaveseenthefilm.(我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)Isawthefilmlastweek.（只說(shuō)明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）,總結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1、構(gòu)成：have/has+過(guò)去分詞。2、概念：(1)表示過(guò)去或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在成的影響或結(jié)果。常與下列狀語(yǔ)連用:already,just,yet,ever,never,before(2)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。a.for和表示一段時(shí)間的詞組連用。如：for3yearsb.since和表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組連用。如：since1997,sincetwoyearsago,sincelastweek,Exercise1,1.Tomisnthere,he_(leave).2.IhavelivedinAnyang_10years.3.IhavelivedinAnyang_2001.4.IhavelivedinAnyang_10yearsago.5.Tom_toBeijingtwice,soheknowsBJverywell.6.Tom_toBeijing,heisntathome.,Jimwithhisparents_abroad.They_backintwoweeks.A.havegone；willcomeB.hasgone；willcomeC.havebeento；havecomeD.hasbeen；come2.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.When_you_it?A.have;finishedB.do;finishC.did;finishD.will;finish3.I_mymobilephonesincefiveyearsago.A.boughtB.haveboughtC.hadboughtD.havehad,4.-HaveyouseenBill?-Yes,hetothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.hasbeen,中考真題,5.Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade6.MayIspeaktoJohn?Sorry,heJapan.Butheintwodays.A.hasbeento,willcomebackB.hasgoneto,willbebackC.hasbeenin,wouldcomebackD.hasgoneto,wontcomeback,中考真題,7.Lucy,_you_yourticket?Notyet.A.did,findB.have,foundC.has,foundD.do,find,中考真題,8.Ithisbookfortwoweeks.Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept,中考真題,9.It_tenyearssincewelast_inBeijing.A.was,metB.hasbeen,metC.was,meetD.is,meet,10._youever_toHangzhou?Yes,onlyonce.I_therewithmyfather.A.Have,gone,wentB.Have,gone,willgoC.Have,been,wentD.Have,been,willgo,我猜三道,中考真題,四、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,如：learn,work,walk,keep,have,live,stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。Eg:Ihaveborrowedthisbookfor5days.Ithisbook5daysago.,kept,borrowed,2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：twoyearsago;at5oclock;eg:Hedied5yearsago.思考Hehasdiedfor5years.正確嗎？如果和時(shí)間段連用，需轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。,beendead,常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換,leave-beaway,borrow-keep,buy-have,begin/start-beon,die-bedead,finish-beover,join-bein+組織機(jī)構(gòu),beamemberof+組織機(jī)構(gòu),opensth-keepsthopen,getup-beup,catchacold-haveacold,comehere-behere,gothere-bethere,become-be,comeback-beback,fallasleep-beasleep,fallill-beill,gooutbeout，putonwear；,getto/arrive/reach-be(in),leave-beawayfrom,gettoknow-know,牛刀小試：eg:Theoldmandied4yearsago.-Theoldmanfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.-HethePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.-Ithebookfor5days.,hasbeendead,hasbeenin,havehad,Exercise2,1.I_theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin2.Thefactory_sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened,3.MaryandRose_friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome4.Themeeting_foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover,5.MissGao_thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught6.I_homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned,7.He_thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad8.-Howlong_you_ill?-Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been9.Thebus_ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen,中考復(fù)習(xí)系列一般過(guò)去時(shí)dBwere,wouldntCam,wontDwere,wont,C,C,D,C,D,()6、IfI_tenyearsyounger,I_veryhappy.A.were,wouldbeB.am,shallbeC.were,shallbeD.am,wouldbe()7、-Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.-Heisnotathome.Ifhe_,I_.Ais,wouldB.is,willC.were,wouldD.were,will()8、Ifshe_aman,shewouldrunforpresident.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are()9、Whatwouldyoudoifyouwon_dollars?AtwomillionsBmillionofC.twomillionD.twomillionof()10、Ifyouweremorefriendlytopeople,youwould_friends.A.tohavemoreB.havemoreC.haslessD.tohasless,C,B,C,A,D,Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.1、Tomhasgotupforhalfanhour.2、LiuMeihasjoinedtheLeagueforthreeyears.3、Thetrainhasreachedthestationsince10minutesago.4、Thelittlegirlhasfallenasleepforfourhours.5、Whenhaveyoucleanedtheclassroom?Itscleannow.6、Howlonghaveyoucaughtacold?7、Shehasgottenlettersfromhermothersincelastweek.,火眼金睛：,beenup,beenin,beenat,beenasleep,did,clean,had,had,七嘴八舌,I_(be)busythesedays.I_(notgo)tothecinemaforweeks.Howmanyunits_you_(learn)sofar?Lilywithherparents_(go)toSanya.Theywillbebackinfivedays.Nobody_(dive)inourclassbefore.Alice_(make)severalfriendssinceshe_(come)toChina._yourbrother_(drive)ahorsebefore?They_(stay)intheparkduringthepastthreehours.,havebeen,haventgone,have,learnt,hasgone,hasdived,hasmade,came,Has,driven,havestayed,考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn),Wheredidyougo,Haveyoueverbeentherebefore,Whatstheweatherlikethere,Howdidyougetthere,Didyouhaveagoodjourney,補(bǔ)全對(duì)話：A:Hello,Zhangli!Nicetomeetyou.B:Me,too!Howareyou?A:Fine,_?Ihaventseenyouforalongtime.B:Oh,IwenttoSydneywithmyparents.SydneyisthebiggestcityinAustralia.A:Really?_?B:No,Ihavent.Itsthefirsttimeformetogothere.A:Thatsgreat._?Isittoohot?B:No,Sydneyiscool.Becauseitswinternow.A:_?B:Firstbyplane,thenwewenttoSydneybycar.A:_?B:Yes,wehadagoodtime.Bytheway,Itookmanyphotos.Wouldyouliketoseethem?A:Thatswonderful!Letsgo!,