2019版高考英語(yǔ) Unit 1 Friendship（詞匯考查+詞匯應(yīng)用）（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Unit 1 一、詞匯復(fù)習(xí) （一）單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s. 答案：which　此句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是childrens books，定語(yǔ)從句中of缺少賓語(yǔ)，故填which。句意：他寫了許多兒童書籍，差不多一半左右是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。 2． China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 答案：which　分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，從句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，缺少主語(yǔ)，用which引導(dǎo)。句意：《今日中國(guó)》吸引了全世界的讀者，這表明全世界越來(lái)越多的人想了解中國(guó)。 3．(2015江蘇，21改編)The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 答案：as　此句為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as意為“正如，正像”，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；as在這里代替整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容；“as is reported”意為“正如被報(bào)道的那樣”。句意：正如被報(bào)道的那樣，煙民的數(shù)量在僅僅一年的時(shí)間就下降了17%。 4．(2015浙江臨海調(diào)研改編)Some passersby witnessed the car accident ________ five passengers were killed, a baby included. 答案：where　句意為：一些路人目睹了這場(chǎng)事故，其中有五位乘客喪生包括一個(gè)嬰兒。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)。 5．(2015江蘇無(wú)錫測(cè)試改編)“Spittake” refers to an act ________ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising. 答案：where　句意為：“笑噴”是指一種行為：某人在聽(tīng)到有趣的或吃驚的事情后從嘴中噴出液體。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾act，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此用where引導(dǎo)。 （二）英漢互譯 1、 survey n.__________ 2、 add up __________ 3、 upset adj.vt.(upset, upset) _____ __ 4、 ignore vt. __________ 5、 calm vt. & vi.adj. __________ 6、 calm(…)down __________ 7、have got to __________ 8、concern vt. n. __________ 9、 be concerned about __________ 10、walk the dog __________ 11、loose adj. __________ 12、vet n. __________ 13、go through __________ 15、Netherlands n. __________ \17、German adj. n． __________ 19、set down __________ 20、series n. __________ 21、a series of __________ 23、outdoors adv. __________ 24、spellbind vt. (spellbound, spellbound) __________ 25、on purpose __________ 26、in order to __________ 27、dusk n. __________ 28、at dusk __________ 29、thunder vi. n． __________ 30、entire adj. __________ 31、entirely adv. __________ 32、power n. __________ 33、face to face __________ 34、curtain n. __________ 35、dusty adj. __________ 36、no longer/not…any longer______ 37、partner n. __________ 38、settle vi. vt. __________ 39、suffer vt. & vi. __________ 40、suffer from __________ 41、△loneliness n. __________ 42、highway n. __________ 43、recover vi. & vt. __________ 44、get/be tired of __________ 45、pack vi. & vt. n. __________ 46 、pack (sth) up __________ 47、suitcase n. __________ 49、Overcoat n. __________ 50、teenager n. __________ 51、get along with __________ 52、△gossip vi. & n. __________ 53、fall in love __________ 54、exactly adv. __________ 55、disagree vi. __________ 56、grateful adj. __________ 57、dislike n. & vt. __________ 58、join in __________ 59、tip n. vt. __________ 60、△secondly adv. __________ 61、swap vt. __________ 62、item n. __________ 二、閱讀理解。 A Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them. Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need panionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief. “No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life. As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships. Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection. 1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends? A. Teenagers. B. Adults. C. The elderly. D.A couple. 2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean? A. No man is willing to live on an island. B. Man usually doesn’t go to an island C. Everyone is related with our society. D. Our society is just like an island. 3.What can we learn about outgoing people? A. They like being alone. B. They are fond of making friends. C. They have intense friendships. D. They have fewer close friends indeed 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The formation of close friends. B. The number of real friends. C. Honesty, love and affection. D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要討論講述的是友誼的重要性。不論是青少年還是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。沒(méi)有人是孤立的，每個(gè)人都是社會(huì)的一部分，都需要他人的愛(ài)、陪伴和關(guān)心。人人需要友誼，需要?dú)w屬感。 1.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，沒(méi)有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故選A。 3.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜歡交朋友。故選B。 4.D 【解析】段落大意題。通讀最后一段可知，本段講述親密程度是由許多因素決定的，不管親密程度如何，友誼都是建立在互惠，真誠(chéng)，愛(ài)和情感的基礎(chǔ)上的。 B Don’t have plenty of time for reading？If you are interested in nonfiction books，here are good choices for you. A Room of One’s Own This essay by English writer Virginia Woolf is based on her several lectures given to two women’s colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. In it，Woolf describes that it’s circumstance not talent alone that allows men to be more successful at writing.Women，in other words，spend so much time cooking，cleaning，and tending to their children that they have no time left for art. To write well，therefore，a woman must have “a room of her own”. While on its surface，this essay appears to be only about writing，it is actually about wealth and class，freedom and imprisonment，and the power struggle between sexes. The Art of War Written by ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Zi，The Art of War is widely considered to be one of the best books about military strategy(軍事戰(zhàn)略) in human history. Consisting of 13 chapters，each dealing with a separate aspect about how to fight a war，the book has been translated into many languages and has thousands of editions. For centuries，it has been used to train military leaders for its detailed study of military strategy and effective leadership. Letter to My Daughter This book of essays and poems by Maya Angelou，a respectable American poet，is written for “the daughter she never had”—the millions of women，both young and old，who she considers to be her “family”. From the viewpoint of a caring，older relative，this book contains lessons selected from her own life experiences，including the birth of her only child，a son，as well as the development and loss of friendship. A Brief History of Time If you’re short on time，then why not read about，well，the creation of time？This book，first published in 1998 from brilliant scientist and mathematician Stephen Hawking，explores mindbending questions about the creation of the universe，including if and when it will end，and if so，how. Despite its heavy subject matter，Hawking addresses these questions in a way that’s easy to understand，even for those who know little about physics. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了四本紀(jì)實(shí)類文學(xué)作品。 1．What can we learn about the four books? A．A Brief History of Time mainly focuses on the matter of time. B．Letter to My Daughter is actually a mon family letter. C．The Art of War gives advice on how to be military leaders. D．A Room of One’s Own is more than about writing. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“While on its...between sexes.”可知，雖然表面上這篇文章只跟寫作有關(guān)，但是實(shí)際上它是有關(guān)財(cái)富和社會(huì)等級(jí)，自由和監(jiān)禁以及兩性之間的權(quán)力之爭(zhēng)的，所以D項(xiàng)正確。more than意思是“不僅僅”。 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．As a physicist，Hawking is equally famous for writing. B．Maya devotes herself to fighting for women’s rights. C．The book by Sun Zi is helpful in policymaking. D．Woolf looks down upon men in writing. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The Art of War...to fight a war”可知，The Art of War對(duì)政策的制定有幫助。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 3．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To make parisons between the four books. B．To remend the four books to readers. C．To make ments on the four books. D．To promote sales of the four books. B　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段可知，寫作本文的目的是向讀者介紹文中提到的四本作品。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。 三、七選五。 Ways to get rid of jealousy Jealousy is like a poison. It is difficult to avoid such moments in life. Sometimes, this feeling es from the sensation of envy that we tend to experience when we notice others ＂better＂ lives, appearances, successes, and so on. 　1 　. It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction. Here are some tips to help get rid of jealousy. Be confident. Not all of us are born with confidence. It takes years of practice to find self-assurance. Follow the ‘fake it till you makes it’s method. 　 2 　Day by day, confidence forms. If you feel confident in yourself, you are less likely to feel inferior to others. Don’t pare yourself. parison is the most significant aspect of jealousy. If you are able to avoid paring yourself to others, you will experience a new-found sense of freedom. A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection. 　 3 　We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure. 　 4 　 When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well puts your life into perspective, which is always a plus! A positive spin can be placed on almost anything that you may see as a negative event. There is always a way to find a positive angle. Make a healthy change. Most of us wish to change, especially faced with something that we are forced to accept. However, most of the things that people tend to feel jealous about can in fact change in a healthy way. If you feel jealous of someone else’s acplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it. 　 5 　 A. Act positively. B. Think positively. C. Jealousy is like a snake. D. Jealousy has the potential to kill happiness . E. Use the feelings of jealousy as motivation to improve yourself. F. If you take it as a part of your routine, it will gradually bee natural to you. G. Use your weakness as a learning experience, rather than as a chance to make you feel bad. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要介紹了嫉妒對(duì)人們的危害，并給人們提出了擺脫嫉妒的三點(diǎn)建議。 1.D 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂Jealousy is like a poison.＂及空后的＂It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction.＂可知嫉妒就像毒藥，它會(huì)毀掉關(guān)系、友誼和滿足感，故此處應(yīng)指嫉妒有扼殺幸福的潛在力量。故選D。 3.G 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection.＂（通過(guò)重視不完美是一個(gè)很好的方法）及空后＂We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure.＂（整個(gè)一生中，我們都在不斷地成長(zhǎng)和改進(jìn)，這也正是失敗的價(jià)值所在。）可知此處應(yīng)指我們應(yīng)該把我們的不足當(dāng)成一種學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷，而不是讓它成為讓我們感覺(jué)糟糕的因素。故選G。 4.B 【解析】根據(jù)段落中的＂When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well…＂（當(dāng)你感覺(jué)郁悶時(shí)，讓自己想一想自己身上積極的品質(zhì)?；貞浺幌履闵瞄L(zhǎng)的事情……）可知，本段的主題應(yīng)是思想要積極。故選B。 5.E 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂If you feel jealous of someone else’s acplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it.＂（如果你對(duì)別人的成績(jī)感到嫉妒時(shí)，要把它作為更加努力地工作去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己目標(biāo)的動(dòng)力。只要記住，如果你想要的改變是健康的，那就去做它。）可知，此處應(yīng)指我們應(yīng)該把嫉妒感當(dāng)成自我發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。故選E。