I摘 要本設計課題為汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的設計，課題以機械式轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器設計及校核、整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)的設計及驗算為中心。首先對汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系進行概述，二是作設計前期數(shù)據(jù)準備，三是轉(zhuǎn)向器形式的選擇以及初定各個參數(shù)，四是循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器的主要部件進行受力分析與數(shù)據(jù)校核，五是對整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)的設計以及驗算，并根據(jù)梯形數(shù)據(jù)對轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機構(gòu)作尺寸設計。最后，利用軟件AUTOCAD完成轉(zhuǎn)向梯形和轉(zhuǎn)向器的設計圖紙。轉(zhuǎn)向器在設計中選用的是循環(huán)球式齒條齒扇轉(zhuǎn)向器，在對轉(zhuǎn)向器的設計中，包括了螺桿—鋼球—螺母傳動副的設計和齒條—齒扇傳動副的設計，前者是基于參照同類汽車，確定出鋼球中心距，設計出一系列的尺寸，而后者則是根據(jù)汽車前軸的載荷來確定出齒扇模數(shù)，再由此設計出所有參數(shù)的。轉(zhuǎn)向梯形的設計選用的是整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形，本文在設計中借鑒同類汽車轉(zhuǎn)向梯形設計的經(jīng)驗尺寸對轉(zhuǎn)向梯形進行尺寸初選。運用了優(yōu)化計算工具 Matlab 進行設計及驗算。Matlab 強大的計算功能以及簡單的程序語法，使設計在參數(shù)變更時得到快捷而可靠的數(shù)據(jù)分析和直觀的二維曲線圖,使轉(zhuǎn)向梯形基本滿足設計要求。關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)向系 轉(zhuǎn)向器 轉(zhuǎn)向梯形 2AbstractThe title of this topic is the design of steering system. Recirculating-ball steering of Mechanical steering system and integrated Steering trapezoid mechanism gear to the design as the center. Firstly make an overview of the Steering System. Secondly take a preparation of the data of the design. Thirdly, make a choice of the steering form and determine the primary parameters and design the structure of Rack and pinion steering. Fourthly, Stress analysis and data checking of Recirculating-ball the steering. Fifthly, design of Steering trapezoid mechanism, according to the trapezoidal data make an analysis and design of Steering linkage. and finally, the use of AUTOCAD software and the steering gear steering linkage to complete the design drawings.Steering the ball of choice is the cycle of fan-type steering gear rack teeth, in the design of steering gear, including a screw - Ball - Vice-nut drive the design and rack - fan drive gear pair design, the former is based on the reference to similar vehicles, to determine the center distance of the ball, the design of a series of size, while the latter is based on the vehicle front axle load to determine the fan module out of gear, and then all of the resulting design parameters.Steering linkage design is a whole selection of steering trapezoid, the paper design is used in car steering linkage from a similar experience in the design of the size of the steering linkage to the primary size. In the design of integrated Steering trapezoid mechanism the computational tools Matlab had been used to Design and Checking of the data. The powerful computing and Intuitive charts of the Matlab can give us Accurate and quickly data. Make the steering trapezoid basic meet the design requirementskey words：steering system steering gear steering trapezium 3目 錄摘 要 .IAbstractII1 緒論 11.1 純機械式轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 11.2 液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 11.3 汽車電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)(EPS) 21.4 線控轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 21.5 結(jié)束語 32 初選參數(shù) .52.1 整車參數(shù) 52.2 底盤參數(shù) 52.3 發(fā)動機參數(shù) 63 轉(zhuǎn)向系設計概述 73.1 對轉(zhuǎn)向系的要求 73.2 轉(zhuǎn)向操縱機構(gòu) 73.3 轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機構(gòu) 83.4 轉(zhuǎn)向器 93.5 轉(zhuǎn)角及最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑 94 汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系方案的選擇 114.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系主要性能參數(shù) 114.1.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系的效率 114.1.2 傳動比變化特性 124.1.3 轉(zhuǎn)向器傳動副的傳動間隙 154.1.4 轉(zhuǎn)向盤的總轉(zhuǎn)動圈數(shù) 154.2 轉(zhuǎn)向系的選擇 154.3 機械式轉(zhuǎn)向器的選擇 164.3.1 齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器 164.3.2 循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器 164.3.3 蝸桿滾輪式轉(zhuǎn)向器 184.3.4 蝸桿指銷式轉(zhuǎn)向器 184.4 轉(zhuǎn)向梯形的選擇 185 轉(zhuǎn)向系的設計計算 205.1 轉(zhuǎn)向器的結(jié)構(gòu)型式選擇及其設計計算 205.1.1 螺桿—鋼球— 螺母傳動副的設計 205.1.2 齒條、齒扇傳動副的設計 255.2 循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器零件強度計算 295.3 轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂軸直徑的確定 336 整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設計 346.1 整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)數(shù)學模型分析 346.2 基于 Matlab 的整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)優(yōu)化設計 3746.2.1 轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)的優(yōu)化概況 376.2.2 轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)設計思路 386.3 轉(zhuǎn)向系結(jié)構(gòu)元件 39致 謝 42參考文獻 43附錄 基于 Matlab 的轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機構(gòu)設計程序 44