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專題十復(fù)合句真 題 試 做(A)1.(xx宜賓中考改編)Thats the boy _ won the first prize in the petition yesterday.A.who B.which C.whom D.where(B)2.(xx宜賓中考改編)Do you know _？A.how old is he B.how old he isC.he is how old D.how much is it(D)3.(xx安徽中考)I wonder _ Jane gets on so well with her classmates.Because she always cares much about others.A.whether B.how C.when D.why(A)4.(xx北京中考)Alice, could you tell me _ London?Sure.Last Sunday.A.when Mr.Smith leftB.when Mr.Smith will leaveC.when did Mr.Smith leaveD.when will Mr.Smith leave(A)5.(xx廣東中考)Could you tell me _ youd like me to pay you?Youd better use mobile payment.I dont care _ it is Alipay or WeChat Pay.A.how；whether B.how；whyC.what；whether D.what；why考向歸結(jié)在近年的中考中,對(duì)復(fù)合句的考查主要面向：1.賓語(yǔ)從句(引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài))；2.定語(yǔ)從句(關(guān)系詞的選用)；3.狀語(yǔ)從句(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的等)?？?點(diǎn) 突 破賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中,放在動(dòng)詞或者介詞后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。1.賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞例句當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)；that無(wú)意義時(shí),可省略We found (that) mom had known the secret.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽知道了那個(gè)秘密。當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用whether,if 引導(dǎo)The boy asked his mom if he could drink cola.男孩問(wèn)他的媽媽他是否能喝可樂(lè)。當(dāng)特殊疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用what,who,where,when,how,why,which,whose等特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)Do you know who he is looking for? 你知道他在找誰(shuí)嗎？Just watch what he does.只是看看他做什么。2.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句,賓語(yǔ)從句都要用陳述句語(yǔ)序,其構(gòu)成是：主句引導(dǎo)詞陳述句語(yǔ)序(主謂語(yǔ)序)。如： We dont know where he lives.我們不知道他住在哪里。 Do you know where he lives？你知道他住在哪里嗎？3.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,其一般規(guī)律為：規(guī)律例句主過(guò)從過(guò)：主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)The police asked the boy where his mom was.警察問(wèn)男孩他媽媽在哪兒。主現(xiàn)從不限：主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用任何時(shí)態(tài)We dont know when he was born.我們不知道他生于何時(shí)。真理不變：如果從句所說(shuō)的是客觀真理或事實(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)The old told us the earth goes round the sun.老人告訴我們地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。4.賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換由連接代詞或連接副詞what,how,where等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday.She hasnt decided where to go on holiday.她還沒(méi)決定去哪里度假。 Could you tell me how I can make fruit salad? Could you tell me how to make fruit salad? 你能告訴我怎么做水果沙拉嗎？定語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句；被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。關(guān)系代詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,起連接作用,同時(shí)又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有： 關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,that,whose,which；關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why。如： The man who lives next to us is a policeman.住在我們隔壁的那個(gè)人是個(gè)警察。 1.關(guān)系詞的選用先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞 例句先行詞指人時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞通常用who(作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)),whom(作賓語(yǔ)),that (作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))；that作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略Jimmy is the man who/that has won the first prize.吉米就是那個(gè)獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的人。(who/that作主語(yǔ),不能省略) The man (that/who/whom) we all like is our headteacher.我們大家都喜歡的人是我們的班主任。 (that/who/whom作賓語(yǔ),可省略) 先行詞指物時(shí),可用that/which(作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ))引導(dǎo)；若前面有介詞時(shí),只能用whichThe book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的書是我的。(that/which作主語(yǔ),不能省略) This is the park (that/which) we visited last week.這是上周我們游玩的公園。(that/which作賓語(yǔ),可省略) The knife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用來(lái)切蘋果的那把刀很鋒利。(介詞which) 先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中某個(gè)名詞有所屬關(guān)系,表示“的”時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞whose作定語(yǔ)The math book whose cover is red is hers.那本紅色封面的數(shù)學(xué)書是她的。先行詞為表示時(shí)間的詞,且在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常用關(guān)系副詞whenI will never forget the days when we studied together in America.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的那些日子。先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的詞,且在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常用關(guān)系副詞whereWe spent two weeks in the city where we met for the first time.我們?cè)诔醮蜗嘤龅某鞘欣锎藘芍堋Ｏ刃性~為reason(原因),且在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系副詞whyNobody knows the reason why she left this pany.沒(méi)有人知道她離開這家公司的原因。注意：關(guān)系副詞when,where只能在從句中作狀語(yǔ),不可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。2.只能用關(guān)系代詞that的情況類別例句先行詞前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)The most famous style that is created by her is the short hair.她引領(lǐng)的最為人們熟知的時(shí)尚潮流就是短發(fā)。先行詞為all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞或被其修飾時(shí)Please move out all the desks that are old.請(qǐng)把所有舊桌子搬出去。Is there anything that I can do for you？我可以為您做些什么嗎？先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我們要做的第一件事就是獲得一些食物。先行詞前有the one,the only,the last,the very,the same 等詞修飾時(shí)The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal.我現(xiàn)在唯一想做的事就是大吃一頓。先行詞同時(shí)包含人和物時(shí)I can see many people and buildings that are reflected on the lake.我能看到湖面上倒映出許多的人和建筑。主句是who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)Who is the girl that spoke to you just now？剛剛和你說(shuō)話的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？3.只用which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,不用that的情況關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)(of,for,with,in,on)。如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.我想找到我用來(lái)寫信的鋼筆。4.只用who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,不用that的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞為everyone,someone,no one,nobody,everybody,somebody等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)。如：Is there anyone who can answer the question？有人可以回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？(2)當(dāng)先行詞為those時(shí)。如：Those who take a walk in the park are almost old people.在公園里散步的人幾乎都是老人。狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中,作狀語(yǔ)成分的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句,常見(jiàn)的狀語(yǔ)從句可分為：時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步、比較、結(jié)果、目的等從句(見(jiàn)連詞用法)。1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有when(當(dāng)時(shí)),as (當(dāng)時(shí)),while(當(dāng)時(shí)),till/until(直到),since(自從以來(lái)),before(在之前),after (在之后),as soon as(一就)等。引導(dǎo)詞意義例句when(當(dāng)時(shí)) when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中既可接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可接非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)They were talking happily when I walked past the door.當(dāng)我走過(guò)那扇門時(shí),他們正在愉快地談話。續(xù)表引導(dǎo)詞意義例句while(當(dāng)時(shí)) while強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,且多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.當(dāng)我正在做作業(yè)時(shí),我媽媽正在做飯。as(當(dāng)時(shí)) 強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作伴隨主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生,所引導(dǎo)的從句中既可接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可接非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞As they walked along the lake,they sang happily.當(dāng)他們沿湖散步時(shí),他們快樂(lè)地唱歌。before(在之前) before引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前We turned off the light before we left.我們?cè)陔x開前關(guān)了燈。after(在之后) after引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡覺(jué)了。as soon as(一就) as soon as表示“一就”,若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)I will throw away the broken shoes as soon as I buy a new pair.等我一買到新鞋我就會(huì)把這雙破的鞋扔掉。2.原因狀語(yǔ)從句 原因狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有because(因?yàn)?,since(因?yàn)?；既?,as(因?yàn)?；由?,for(因?yàn)?等。如： He didnt e to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué),因?yàn)樗×恕?Since you are free,you can help him.既然你沒(méi)什么事,你可以幫幫他。 David just waited there as he didnt know what to do.因?yàn)椴恢涝撟鍪裁?戴維就等在那兒。 The Smiths had to start early,for there was a long way to go.史密斯一家不得不早早動(dòng)身,因?yàn)檫€有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。 注意：because和so不能同時(shí)使用。3.條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有if(如果),unless(除非；如果不)等。引導(dǎo)詞規(guī)律例句if 如果, 主將從現(xiàn)He will return if he finds the truth.如果他發(fā)現(xiàn)真相,他就會(huì)返回。unless 除非, 主將從現(xiàn) You will fail the test unless you study hard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你將考試不及格。4.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有where(哪里),wherever(無(wú)論哪里)。如： Id like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空氣非常清新的地方。 Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.無(wú)論你去哪兒,我都會(huì)在這兒等你。5.比較狀語(yǔ)從句 比較狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有asas(和一樣),than(比)等。如： Peter is not as tall as his brother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。6.目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有so that(以便),in order that(為了)等。如： He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboard clearly.他站起來(lái),以便能清楚地看到黑板。7.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有sothat/suchthat(如此以至于)等。引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)例句sothatso形容詞/副詞that從句She is so beautiful that we all like her.她如此漂亮以至于我們都喜歡她。suchthatsucha/an形容詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)that從句He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.他是如此聰明的男孩,以至于每個(gè)人都喜歡他。續(xù)表引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)例句suchthat such形容詞不可數(shù)名詞that從句Its such fine weather that all of us want to go to the mountain.天氣如此好以至于我們都想去爬山。such形容詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)that從句They are such lovely flowers that the girl buys all of them.那些花如此好看以至于那個(gè)女孩把它們都買了。注意：(1)當(dāng)名詞前有much,many,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用so。如：There is so much water left that its enough for a sevenday trip.所剩的水還很多,足夠維持7天的旅程。 (2)當(dāng)little意為“小”時(shí),仍用such。如： Its such a little sheep that we are worried about whether it can survive the winter.這只羊這么小,我們都擔(dān)心它是否能熬過(guò)冬天。 8.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有though/although(雖然),even though/if(即使；盡管)等。如： Although/Though shes not beautiful,shes kind and sincere.雖然不漂亮,但她善良而真誠(chéng)。 注意：although/though不能和but連用。小 試 牛 刀(A)1.(xx北部灣中考)As soon as she _ in Nanning, she will call you.A.arrives B.arrive C.will arrive D.arrived(A)2.(xx玉林中考)Who got the Firstever Friendship Medal(友誼勛章) of China?Its Putin_ everybody knows so well in the world.A.whom B.what C.which D.whose(A)3.(xx玉林中考)Here are the jobs for you, young man.Thank you.Could I choose _？A.what I like to do mostB.what I liked to do mostC.what do I like to do mostD.what did I like to do most(C)4.(xx河南中考)Anyone who is a server or _ has been one knows that customers always e first.A.whom B.what C.who D.which(A)5.(xx河南中考)Excuse me.Do you know _？Sorry,I dont know,either.A.how to check out a bookB.when will the concert beginC.that there is a bank near hereD.how long the meeting would last(A)6.(xx哈爾濱中考改編)Qingdao is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever been to.So it is.Many international meetings are held there every year.A.that B.which C.what D.who(D)7.(xx隨州中考)What did Tom say to you just now, John?He asked _.A.why I am so happy todayB.who did I play football with after schoolC.what will I do for the weekendD.if I could go to the movies with him tonight(C)8.(xx隨州中考)What are you looking for?Im looking for the dictionary _ you lent me last week.A.who B.what C.that D.when(A)9.(xx吉林中考改編)Excuse me,I wonder _ the plane can land on time.Wait a minute, please.Let me check it out.A.if B.which C.that D.who(B)10.(xx遂寧中考)If it _ sunny, we _ camping this weekend.A.get； will go B.gets；will goC.gets；go D.will get；go