英國文學-WilliamBlake.ppt

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WilliamBlake 1757 1827 IntroductiontoWilliamBlake Contents HistoricalBackground EnglishRomanticism HistoricalBackground Thelastquarterofthe18thcenturywasatimeofsocialandpoliticalturbulence 動蕩 withrevolutionsintheUnitedStates France Irelandandelsewhere InGreatBritain amovementforsocialchangeandamoreinclusivesharingofpowerwasalsogrowing Thiswasthebackdrop 背景 againstwhichtheRomanticmovementinEnglishpoetryemerged HistoricalBackground 1789年的法國大革命 FrenchRevolution 給對人類的未來帶來了希望 并對英國社會造成沖擊 FeudalismvsCapitalism 在這個背景下 英國的浪漫主義文學崛起 它產生于18世紀末 19世紀上半葉為繁榮時期 HistoricalBackground AthomeintheGreatBritain theIndustrialRevolutionandtheEnclosureMovement 圈地運動 droveeachsocietyclass especiallytheadvancedintelligentsiatofindawaytoexpresstheireagerforthenewspirit HistoricalBackground 當時 正在英國進行的工業(yè)革命和圈地運動推動社會的各個階層 特別是先進的知識分子 對新的精神的寄托的強烈渴求 這種社會情緒在英國的文學領域 催生了一種新型的文學形式 浪漫主義文學 使英國文學出現了一片繁榮景象 達到資產階級文學的成熟時期 EnglishRomanticismisaprofoundandirreversibletransformationinartisticstyles inculturalattitudes andintherelationsbetweenartistandsociety whichisevidentinWesternliteratureandotherartsinthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury TodefineRomanticismisnotoriouslydifficult partlybecausetheRomantictemperamentitselfresistedtheveryimpulseofdefinition favoringtheindefiniteandtheboundless EnglishRomanticism Inthemostabstractterms Romanticismmayberegardedasthetriumphofthevaluesofimaginativespontaneity visionaryoriginality wonder andemotionalself expressionovertheclassicalstandardsofbalance order restraint proportion andobjectivity Itsnamederivesfromromance theliteraryforminwhichdesiresanddreamsprevailovereverydayrealities EnglishRomanticism CharacteristicsofEnglishRomanticism Romanticwriterssoughtinnovationovertraditionalisminthematerials forms andstyleofliterature Theyclaimedthatpoetryshouldbefreefromallrules Romanticwritersdeclaredthatthatgoodpoetryshouldembodythepoet sownfeelingsandtheprocessofcompositionshouldbespontaneous Externalnaturebecameapersistentsubjectofpoetry whichatthemeantimeareconcernedwithcentralhumanexperiencesandproblems Muchofromanticpoetryinvitedthereadertoidentifytheprotagonistswiththepoetsthemselvesinsteadofotherpeopleorthesociety ManyRomanticwritersviewedahumanbeingasendowedwithlimitlessaspirationtowardtheinfinitegoodenvisionedbythefacultyofimagination TheClassicalAgeandtheRomanticAge Classical reason intellect andtheheadRomantic feelings intuition andtheheart Differences 1 2 3 C looksoutwardtosocietyR lookinwardtotheirownsoulandtothelifeoftheimagination C attractedtoasocialorderinwhicheveryoneknowshisplaceR celebratethefreedomofnatureandofindividualhumanexperience C focusonwhatcanbelogicallymeasuredandrationallyunderstoodR attractedtotheirrational mysticalandsupernaturalworld Differences 4 5 C stressthewaysocietiesimproveundercarefulregulationR generallymorecriticalofsocietyanditsinjustices questioningratherthanaffirming exploringratherthandefining C aformalandorderedwayofwritingR triedtocaptureindividualexperienceinformsandlanguagewhichwereintendedtobeclosertoeverydayspeechandmoreaccessibletothegeneralreader EnglishRomanticism Shelley IalwaysseekinwhatIsee thelikenessofsomethingbeyondthepresentandtangibleobject Wordsworth Goodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings Keats Ifpoetrycomesnotasnaturallyastheleavestoatree ithadbetternotcomeatall Blake Lessthaneverything cannotsatisfyman WilliamBlakewasapioneeroftheRomanticpoets Hisbest knownpoemsarecollectedintwocollections SongsofInnocence 1789 andSongsofExperience 1794 Blakecalledhis spirituallife varied freeanddramaticwhilehis corporeallife wassimple limitedandunadventurous IntroductiontoWilliamBlake Poet Artist Mystic IntroductiontoWilliamBlake BlakewasthethirdsonofaLondonhosier Hedidnotgotoschooluntiltheageof10 learningdrawing andthenhebecameastudentattheRoyalAcademyofArts Hewasapprenticedat14toJamesBasire awell knownengraverandmembertotheSocietyofAntiquariesandtheRoyalSociety From1779heworkedasanengraverforabookseller In1782 Blakegotmarried Hiswifewasthenilliterate butBlaketaughthertoreadandtohelphiminhisengravingandprinting Theyhadnochild RoyalAcademyofArts IntroductiontoWilliamBlake Blakewasanearnestreaderinhissparetime andbegantowritepoetryveryearly HisearlyworksincludedPoeticalSketches 1783 SongsofInnocence 1789 andTheBookofThel 1791 Theseworksshowedhimselftobeatoddswiththedominantpoetictraditionofthe18thcentury InhisrevolutionaryworksTheFrenchRevolution 1791 America Aprophecy 1793 andVisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion 1793 ishisprincipalprosework abookofparadoxicalaphorisms IntroductiontoWilliamBlake ByaddingsupplementarypoemstoSongsofInnocence BlakeprintedSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperiencein1794 Thesetwocollectionsreflectwhathecalls twocontrarystatesofthehumansoul Hislater prophetic poems FourZoas MiltonandJerusalem werecreatedinthespiritoftheBiblicalprophetsduring1802 1820 aproofofhisdeclarationthat allheknewwasintheBible andthat TheOldandNewTestamentsaretheGreatCodeofArt Blakelivedalifeofisolationandpovertyinmostofhislifetime Hefollowedhis divinevision inwritingpoems Heclaimedthatheactuallysawteangelsandstrangefigureswhichheportrayedandengraved IntroductiontoWilliamBlake Blakeprintedmostofhisbooksofpoemsbyhimselfwithreliefetching amethodhecalled illuminatedprinting Hisengravingsenrichthemeaningofhispoetryandareasvaluableashispoetry Inhis60sBlakedevotedhimselftopictorialart Heproducedhundredsofpaintingsandengravings thefamousonesincludingarepresentaionofChaucer sCanterburyTales andaseriesofillustrationsofDante onwhichheworkedharduntilhisdeath WilliamBlakediedathomeonAugust12 1827 Unabletopayforafuneral BlakewasburiedinanunmarkedgraveintheNon ConformistBunhillFieldsinLondonwherehiswifewasburiedfouryearslateramongothernotablefiguresofdissentlikeDanielDefoeandJohnBunyan Overview 1757 1767 1789 HewasborninLondon Learneddrawing publishedPoeticalSketches marriedCatherineBoucher TheBookofThel TheFrenchRevolution Died 1782 1791 1794 SongsofExperience 1827 1783 completedSongsofInnocence MajorWorks PoeticalSketches 1783 SongsofInnocence 1789 SongsofExperience 1794 TheBookofThel 1789 Milton 1808 Jerusalem 1818 TheGhostofAbel 1822 LyricalPoems PropheticBooks AuguriesofInnocence 天真的預言 ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSand AndaHeaveninaWildFlower Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand AndEternityinanhour 一沙一世界 一花一天堂 無限掌中置 剎那成永恒 徐志摩譯 FeaturesofBlake sPoems 1 useofsimplelanguage2 serious somberthemes3 lyricalbeauty4 symbolism5 mysticism HisView showingcontemptfortheruleofreasonoppositetheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcenturytreasuringtheindividual simagination HewasarebelstronglycriticizedthecapitalistcruelexploitationcherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution Politically Literarily Themostextraordinaryliterarygeniusofhisage APre RomanticoraforerunneroftheRomanticpoetryofthe19thcentury 1 Hislyricsdisplayallthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit naturalsentiment individualoriginality 2 HeinfluencedtheRomanticpoetswithrecurringthemesofgoodandevil heavenandhell knowledgeandinnocence andexternalrealityversusinnerimagination HisPositioninEnglishLiterature ThankYou