10噸液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)【含20張CAD圖紙】
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CHANGCHUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書
論文題目: 10噸液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)生姓名: 姜宏揚(yáng)
學(xué)院名稱: 長(zhǎng)春工程學(xué)院
專業(yè)名稱: 機(jī)械制造及其自動(dòng)化
班級(jí)名稱: 機(jī)制1646
學(xué) 號(hào): 1622421615
指導(dǎo)教師: 羅士軍
教師職稱: 講師
學(xué) 歷: 博士
2020年 3 月 4 日
長(zhǎng)春工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書
學(xué)院 專業(yè) 屆
題 目
10噸液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
專業(yè)班級(jí)
學(xué)生姓名
指導(dǎo)老師
羅士軍
任務(wù)書下發(fā)日期
設(shè)計(jì)截止日期
難度系數(shù)
中
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的主要內(nèi)容:
運(yùn)用2D軟件(AutoCAD)或3D軟件(Pro/E或CATIA等)進(jìn)行10噸液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)。
學(xué)生應(yīng)完成的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容:開題報(bào)告一份(不少于3000字);完成結(jié)構(gòu)總裝配圖一張和零件圖若干,設(shè)計(jì)總繪圖量不少于折合成A0幅面圖紙3.5張,其中手繪圖A1一張,其余均為計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖;設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書一份(不少于1.5萬字,正文頁數(shù)不少于30頁);譯文一份(與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目相關(guān),原文單詞不少于3000)。
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的主要要求:
要求學(xué)生能夠按期圓滿完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù),設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算方法正確,圖紙完備,符合國(guó)家制圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn),說明書內(nèi)容完整,符合技術(shù)用語要求,條理清楚,譯文準(zhǔn)確。
設(shè)計(jì)完成:
1)對(duì)液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)技術(shù)的科技文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行閱讀,了解國(guó)內(nèi)外該技術(shù)的發(fā)展動(dòng)向和趨勢(shì);
2)液壓系統(tǒng)原理的設(shè)計(jì),主要液壓元件的計(jì)算選型,主要液壓元件的布置;
3)卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),減速箱總體設(shè)計(jì),卷筒、支撐軸、機(jī)架根據(jù)力學(xué)要求設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)。
設(shè)計(jì)要求:液壓馬達(dá)采用高速柱塞變量馬達(dá),變量方式為高壓自動(dòng)變量,內(nèi)置常閉式制動(dòng)器,主要技術(shù)參數(shù):額定壓力:31.5MPa;單繩負(fù)荷F=100?kN,單繩速度V=1.2?m/s。鋼絲繩直徑d=34?mm,?卷筒直徑D=757?mm,容繩量150m。
進(jìn)度安排:
第一周: 收集資料,撰寫開題報(bào)告,翻譯外文資料。
第二周: 撰寫開題報(bào)告(教師審核簽字)及開題報(bào)告答辯用PPT,參加公開答辯。
第三周: 畢設(shè)的總體方案設(shè)計(jì)及多方案對(duì)比分析。
第四五周: 方案設(shè)計(jì)及總體裝配圖。
第六周: 確定各部分參數(shù)并繪制草圖。
第七-十二周: 繪制零件圖和控制原理圖。
第十三周: 修改設(shè)計(jì),打印圖紙,整理設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書和譯文。
第十四周: 修改圖紙、說明書,教師終審簽字。
第十五周: 參加答辯。
主要參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] 孫霞.100kN液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)[J]. 探礦工程(巖土鉆掘工程).2000-05.
[2] 徐廣闊.大功率液壓絞車新型液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究[D].浙江工業(yè)大學(xué).2013-11
[3] 龐曉旭; 寇子明.自動(dòng)排繩液壓絞車裝置的設(shè)計(jì)[J].機(jī)械管理開發(fā) 2012-12-15
[4] 上官紅喜.防爆液壓絞車的設(shè)計(jì)[J].煤礦機(jī)械.2012-08.
[5] 衛(wèi)振勇.基于AMESim的液壓絞車液壓系統(tǒng)研究[J].起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械.2011-05
[6] 劉廣平; 朱國(guó)牛.液壓絞車行星傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J].液壓與氣動(dòng).2010-12
任務(wù)書編制教師(簽章):
年 月 日
教研室審核意見:
教研室主任(簽章): 年 月 日
學(xué)院審核意見:
學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)(簽章): 年 月 日
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注:任務(wù)書中的數(shù)據(jù)、圖表及其他文字說明可作為附件附在任務(wù)書后面,并在主要要求中標(biāo)明:“見附件”
長(zhǎng)春工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告審核表
指導(dǎo)教師姓名
羅士軍
所在單位
機(jī)電工程學(xué)院
指導(dǎo)教師職稱
講師
所學(xué)專業(yè)
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及理論
學(xué) 生 姓 名
姜宏揚(yáng)
班 級(jí)
機(jī)制 1646
設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目
10噸卷揚(yáng)液壓機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
指導(dǎo)教師審查
意見
該生對(duì)卷揚(yáng)液壓機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)及主要零、部件進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究,查閱了多篇中外文獻(xiàn),最終確定該設(shè)計(jì)課題的目的及意義。符合學(xué)生專業(yè)發(fā)展方向,研究方法和研究計(jì)劃基本合理,難度合適,學(xué)生可以在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成設(shè)計(jì)。
同意該課題開題
指導(dǎo)教師簽字:
年 月 日
教研室審查意見
教研室主任簽字:
年 月 日
學(xué)院審查意見
院長(zhǎng)簽字:
年 月 日
長(zhǎng)春工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)手冊(cè)
學(xué)院名稱:國(guó)際教育學(xué)院
專業(yè)名稱:機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
班級(jí):機(jī)制1646
學(xué)生姓名:姜宏揚(yáng)
指導(dǎo)教師:羅士軍
起止時(shí)間:2020.3.2 —2020.6.14
2019-2020-2 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)學(xué)生工作周記及教師指導(dǎo)記錄
第 1 周
本周工作記錄:
1. 分析、查閱資料
2. 熟悉設(shè)備技術(shù)要求、背景
3. 學(xué)習(xí)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)知識(shí)做好前期準(zhǔn)備工作
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:相關(guān)資料太少,需要網(wǎng)絡(luò)翻墻才能找到
措施:老師給了一些網(wǎng)站
下周工作計(jì)劃:
撰寫開題報(bào)告和外文翻譯
準(zhǔn)備開題報(bào)告
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 2 周
本周工作記錄:
1.撰寫開題報(bào)告和外文翻譯
2.準(zhǔn)備開題報(bào)告
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:外文文獻(xiàn)相關(guān)資料太少,需要翻墻才能找到,相關(guān)專業(yè)詞匯翻譯不準(zhǔn)確
措施:老師給了一些網(wǎng)站,尋求幫助得以解決
下周工作計(jì)劃:
總體方案和技術(shù)路線、傳動(dòng)裝置的總體設(shè)計(jì)
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 3 周
本周工作記錄:
1.總體方案和技術(shù)路線
2.傳動(dòng)裝置的總體設(shè)計(jì)
3.驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇設(shè)計(jì)
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:選型校核計(jì)算不滿足要求
措施:找淘寶問客服,與同學(xué)溝通
下周工作計(jì)劃:
絲杠傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)、滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇和設(shè)計(jì)、蝸桿軸承的校核計(jì)算
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 4 周
本周工作記錄:
1.卷揚(yáng)機(jī)總體的設(shè)計(jì)
2.卷筒的選擇和設(shè)計(jì)
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:選型校核計(jì)算不滿足要求
措施:找淘寶問客服,邁迪設(shè)計(jì)寶,米思米選型
下周工作計(jì)劃:
卷揚(yáng)機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的草圖
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 5周
本周工作記錄:
液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)的草圖
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)框架不熟
措施:重新查找液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)的介紹資料
下周工作計(jì)劃:
計(jì)算并校核其有關(guān)尺寸
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 6周
本周工作記錄:
1. 減速機(jī)的選型計(jì)算
2. 液壓馬達(dá)的選型計(jì)算
3. 液壓泵的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算
4. 液壓閥的校核計(jì)算
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:相關(guān)計(jì)算公式不熟悉
措施:百度查找相關(guān)計(jì)算的公式和算法
下周工作計(jì)劃:
進(jìn)行二維設(shè)計(jì)
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第7 周
本周工作記錄:
1. 機(jī)架的總體設(shè)計(jì)
2. 壓繩器的設(shè)計(jì)
3. 鋼絲繩固定裝置
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:設(shè)計(jì)軟件不太熟練,圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)不太標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
措施:看軟件的相關(guān)知識(shí)的視頻,查看設(shè)計(jì)圖紙的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
下周工作計(jì)劃:
繼續(xù)進(jìn)行二維設(shè)計(jì)
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第8 周
本周工作記錄:
繼續(xù)上周的任務(wù)進(jìn)行二維設(shè)計(jì):
1.機(jī)架的總體設(shè)計(jì)
2.壓繩器的設(shè)計(jì)
3.鋼絲繩固定裝置
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:設(shè)計(jì)軟件不太熟練,圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)不太標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
措施:看軟件的相關(guān)知識(shí)的視頻,查看設(shè)計(jì)圖紙的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
下周工作計(jì)劃:
繪制1張A0的總裝配圖
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 9 周
本周工作記錄:
繪制1張A0的總裝配圖:
10噸液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的A0總裝配圖
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:標(biāo)題欄有問題,自己設(shè)計(jì)的非標(biāo)件,沒有填寫材料列,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零部件也沒有引線。
措施:根據(jù)問題找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容并解決問題
下周工作計(jì)劃:
繼續(xù)繪制A0的總裝配圖
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 10 周
本周工作記錄:
1.繼續(xù)完成上周未完成的任務(wù):
繪制完成10噸液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的A0總裝配圖
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:標(biāo)題欄有問題,自己設(shè)計(jì)的非標(biāo)件,沒有填寫材料列,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零部件也沒有引線。
措施:根據(jù)問題找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容并解決問題
下周工作計(jì)劃:
繪制1張A1圖紙
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 11 周
本周工作記錄:
繪制1張A1圖紙:
1.繪制了2張A1的卷筒裝配圖
2.繪制了1張A1的離合器裝配圖
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:自己設(shè)計(jì)的非標(biāo)件,沒有填寫材料列,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零部件也沒有引線。
措施:根據(jù)問題找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容并解決問題
下周工作計(jì)劃:
繪制 2 張A0 的零件圖
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 12 周
本周工作記錄:
繪制 2 張A0 的零件圖:
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:自己設(shè)計(jì)的非標(biāo)件,沒有填寫材料列,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零部件也沒有引線,標(biāo)注重復(fù),粗糙度沒有標(biāo)注
措施:根據(jù)問題找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容并解決問題
下周工作計(jì)劃:
檢查設(shè)計(jì),修改設(shè)計(jì)
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 13 周
本周工作記錄:
檢查設(shè)計(jì),修改設(shè)計(jì)
1.檢查總裝配圖
2.檢查各部位的裝配圖
3.檢查各個(gè)零件圖
4.對(duì)檢查出來的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行修改
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:圓周標(biāo)注不規(guī)范;標(biāo)注重復(fù);有的尺寸公差沒有標(biāo)注;定位孔標(biāo)注錯(cuò)誤;粗糙度沒有標(biāo)注
措施:重新整理修改錯(cuò)誤,并加以優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)
下周工作計(jì)劃:
整理編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書,交指導(dǎo)老師審定,制作答辯提綱,設(shè)計(jì)定稿,打印,準(zhǔn)備畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯。
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
第 14-15 周
本周工作記錄:
整理編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書,交指導(dǎo)老師審定,制作答辯提綱,設(shè)計(jì)定稿,打印,準(zhǔn)備畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯。
存在的問題及解決措施:
問題:說明書的格式有問題,內(nèi)容有的重復(fù)
措施:根據(jù)問題修改完善說明書
下周工作計(jì)劃:
指導(dǎo)教師意見:
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設(shè)計(jì)題目:
學(xué)生姓名:
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1 課題論證
1.1 課題研究的目的與意義
我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到高速增長(zhǎng),經(jīng)濟(jì)的騰飛需要能源作為支撐,雖然太陽能、風(fēng)能、
核能以及天然氣有所發(fā)展,但我國(guó)作為一個(gè)煤炭資源豐富的國(guó)家,作為我國(guó)工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)
代化進(jìn)程中的主要能源,其所處的地位和作用占國(guó)家的能源比重依然較大 [1] 。2012 年我國(guó)
的一次能源消費(fèi)中煤炭消耗占比較多,總量為 27.23×10 8 t 油當(dāng)量,其中煤炭消費(fèi)量為
18.73×10 8 t 油當(dāng)量,約占 68%。2017 年,全國(guó)原煤產(chǎn)量自 2014 年以來首次出現(xiàn)恢復(fù)性
增長(zhǎng),全年原煤產(chǎn)量 34.45 億噸,同比增長(zhǎng) 1.0%。所以未來一段時(shí)間,煤炭依然處于重
要位置。
但是我國(guó)的煤炭埋藏深,地面煤層較少,煤層穩(wěn)定性差且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。同時(shí)由于很多
煤礦管理和開采水平較為落后,機(jī)械設(shè)備自動(dòng)化不足和人員操作水平不高,導(dǎo)致煤礦安
全事故發(fā)生頻繁。例如 2009 年,中國(guó)的煤礦死亡人數(shù)為兩千六百三十人,而同時(shí)期美
國(guó)只有七十七人,雖然中國(guó)對(duì)煤炭安全問題越抓越緊,死亡人數(shù)確實(shí)有所下降,但百萬
噸死亡率依然遠(yuǎn)超于美國(guó)、南非、俄羅斯等主要產(chǎn)煤國(guó)。比如 2013 年,中國(guó)的煤炭百
萬噸死亡率達(dá)到驚人的 0.293,而同時(shí)期美國(guó)產(chǎn)煤總量為 9.96 億噸,煤礦死亡二十人,
百萬噸死亡率僅為 0.02。煤礦安全事故頻發(fā)不光威脅廣大礦工的生命安全,而且對(duì)整個(gè)
社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展也是緊密相關(guān)的。在對(duì)煤炭礦難的有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)中,我國(guó) 70%人員傷亡不是
由于礦難導(dǎo)致的直接死亡,而是由于窒息、缺乏急救設(shè)備、缺少食物和水等引起的次生
傷害,所以只要救援及時(shí),無數(shù)條鮮活的生命將會(huì)得到延續(xù).
隨著國(guó)家對(duì)于礦難救援的重視,越來越多的救援方法開始出現(xiàn),現(xiàn)在,主要有兩個(gè)
主流方式來實(shí)施救援,第一種是平行救援,這種方式主要是由救援人員平行向工作面推
進(jìn),但是這也大大加大了工作量,效率不高,也會(huì)加大被困人員的生命危險(xiǎn)。第二種方
式是垂直鉆孔,救援人員在接到救援命令后,首先由大口徑鉆頭打通地面到井下被困點(diǎn)
的垂直救援通道,然后由緊急多繩纏繞救援絞車對(duì)被困人員進(jìn)行提升進(jìn)而完成救援。這
種方式可以先鉆一個(gè)小口徑孔,與下方人員取得聯(lián)系,也可以通過此孔遞送救援設(shè)備與
給養(yǎng),這不僅僅縮短了救援時(shí)間,而且可以直接與被困人員取得聯(lián)系,獲得第一手資料。
最后在對(duì)小口徑孔進(jìn)行擴(kuò)孔提升。
所以液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的意義如下:
(1)現(xiàn)有的緊急救援設(shè)備過于簡(jiǎn)單,大部分是屬于臨時(shí)搭建而成,設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)陋,安全性也較為欠缺,沒有形成一個(gè)系統(tǒng),通過本文的研究為一種液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)新式研究方法,為后續(xù)的不斷發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù),同時(shí)也完善了我國(guó)礦山應(yīng)急救援體系。
(2)液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)也是屬于多繩纏繞提升設(shè)備,現(xiàn)在對(duì)于多繩的研究較少,所以也限制了大容量、超深井的發(fā)展,通過對(duì)多繩纏繞的研究將會(huì)為提升設(shè)備的不斷發(fā)展提供新的研究參考。
1.2 文獻(xiàn)綜述(相關(guān)課題國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀)
2010 年,Robinson 等人介紹了在智利北邊一處名為圣何塞的銅金礦發(fā)生的一次塌
方事故,導(dǎo)致正在作業(yè)的 33 名青年礦工被困于數(shù)百米的井下,接著各方力量開始展開
救援,一臺(tái)重達(dá)三十一噸的鉆井設(shè)備在堅(jiān)硬的地面上開鑿了一個(gè)直徑為十厘米的測(cè)試
孔。通過這個(gè)測(cè)試孔,救援人員可以向井下遞送食物、水以及進(jìn)行通信,然后在對(duì)測(cè)試
控進(jìn)行擴(kuò)孔,使其擴(kuò)大為六十六厘米的救援通道,最后通過“鳳凰 2”號(hào)救生艙和救援提
升設(shè)備完成救援。此次救援過程長(zhǎng)達(dá)六十九天,三十三名礦工全部得以獲救,這是垂直
救援系統(tǒng)的第一次正式參加實(shí)戰(zhàn)。
2011 年,石家莊煤礦機(jī)械有限公司鉆井設(shè)備分公司成功研制了 JYC-54 型井下人員
逃生救生艙。其工作過程主要為首先在鉆機(jī)快速完成救援施工孔后,救援艙通過勻速提
升絞車將被困人員安全下放至地面。每次被困者獲救時(shí),它都能為被困人員提供呼吸所
需的氧氣。其呼吸容量可供中等勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的礦工呼吸 90 分鐘,完全滿足被困人員在提
升過程中的呼吸需求。JYC-54 救援艙同時(shí)配備救生緩行器,主要用于被救援人員在吊
裝過程中的緊急逃生。當(dāng)起重過程中發(fā)生事故時(shí),獲救人員可以通過。緩速器從船艙底
部逃逸,安全返回井底。緩速器可滿足 500 米的逃生要求。此外,還可以配備實(shí)時(shí)通信
系統(tǒng),保持與地面的接觸。其救援機(jī)構(gòu)如圖 1-1。
圖 1-1 石家莊煤礦機(jī)械有限責(zé)任公司救援系統(tǒng)
2014 年,為應(yīng)對(duì)山西王家?guī)X煤礦的透水事故、頂板事故、煤與瓦斯爆炸事故和火災(zāi)事故等,王家?guī)X煤礦建立了一個(gè)避難室,為在煤礦井下有效區(qū)域內(nèi)的作業(yè)人員提供一個(gè)及時(shí)的、保證生存的、安全可靠的避難空間,該避難室內(nèi)配置了兩個(gè)大小不一的孔洞,一個(gè)是作為供給使用,另一個(gè)作為人員的提升使用,同時(shí)在地面建立了一個(gè)救援指揮站和一個(gè)救援提升絞車,整個(gè)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成了煤礦的一個(gè)自我保護(hù)與救援平臺(tái)。
2015 年,謝濤所在的三一重工提出了一種與鉆井垂直救援的提升設(shè)備,作者指出鉆孔救援技術(shù)解救被困人員要解決的一個(gè)首要問題,就是快速準(zhǔn)確定位井下被困人員以及高效率的鉆井。針對(duì)不同礦區(qū)的不同災(zāi)害的特點(diǎn),應(yīng)該快速開發(fā)出與鉆井技術(shù)有關(guān)的具有實(shí)用性、穩(wěn)定性和安全性的配套設(shè)備,方便向被困人員提供救援。所以作者所研制的救援系統(tǒng)有模塊化的設(shè)計(jì)理念。其車輛采用了全地面底盤,可適應(yīng)復(fù)雜多變的路況,可以及時(shí)到達(dá)救援地點(diǎn)。救援艙具有有二次逃生的功能,并開發(fā)了一種具有深井提升的大容量專業(yè)提升絞車。
2016 年,太原理工大學(xué)與山西省煤炭地質(zhì) 115 勘查院共同開發(fā)了一種新型緊急救援提升設(shè)備,主要部件包括礦井救援車載平臺(tái)和組裝式可移動(dòng)救援提升井架以及礦井救援艙,其中的礦井救援車載平臺(tái)上設(shè)置有車載提升裝備基礎(chǔ)及其救援提升裝置,其采用了電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的提升系統(tǒng),控制系統(tǒng)使用了雙 PLC,控制穩(wěn)定可靠,救援艙的防過卷功能和防過放功能突破了現(xiàn)有救援艙的功能,可以給救援艙內(nèi)的被救人員更多安全保障。井架采用分離式井架,井架需要外部車輛進(jìn)行安裝和拆卸。當(dāng)?shù)V井發(fā)生重大安全事故時(shí),可以第一時(shí)間將礦井救援提升系統(tǒng)開赴事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng),進(jìn)行快速有效地礦井救援,大大地加快了整體實(shí)施救援的速度,提高了被困人員的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。
1.3 課題研究的內(nèi)容、總體方案及技術(shù)路線、進(jìn)度安排等
(1)設(shè)計(jì)要求:
要求學(xué)生能夠按期圓滿完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù),設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算方法正確,圖紙完備,符合國(guó)家制圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn),說明書內(nèi)容完整,符合技術(shù)用語要求,條理清楚,譯文準(zhǔn)確。
設(shè)計(jì)完成:
1)對(duì)液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)技術(shù)的科技文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行閱讀,了解國(guó)內(nèi)外該技術(shù)的發(fā)展動(dòng)向和趨勢(shì);
2)液壓系統(tǒng)原理的設(shè)計(jì),主要液壓元件的計(jì)算選型,主要液壓元件的布置;
3)卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),減速箱總體設(shè)計(jì),卷筒、支撐軸、機(jī)架根據(jù)力學(xué)要求設(shè)計(jì)。
主要技術(shù)參數(shù):
設(shè)計(jì)要求:液壓馬達(dá)采用高速柱塞變量馬達(dá),變量方式為高壓自動(dòng)變量,內(nèi)置常閉式制動(dòng)器,主要技術(shù)參數(shù):額定壓力:31.5MPa;單繩負(fù)荷F=100?kN,單繩速度V=1.2?m/s。鋼絲繩直徑d=34?mm,?卷筒直徑D=757?mm,容繩量150m。
(3)總體方案及設(shè)計(jì)路線:
近年來普遍采用了行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的多速卷揚(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu),利用控制多泵合流和液壓馬達(dá)的串并聯(lián)或采用變量液壓馬達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)卷揚(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu)的多種工作速度,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)輕載高速、重載低速,提高工作效率,以滿足各種使用要求。
高速液壓馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)需要通過減速器帶動(dòng)起升卷筒。減速器可采用批量生產(chǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)減速器,通常有圓柱齒輪式,蝸輪蝸桿式和行星齒輪式減速器。這種傳動(dòng)形式的特點(diǎn)是液壓馬達(dá)本身重量輕、體積小,容積效率高,生產(chǎn)成本較低。但整個(gè)液壓起升機(jī)構(gòu)重量較重,體積較大。
低速大扭矩馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)可直接或通過一級(jí)開式圓柱齒輪帶動(dòng)起升卷筒。雖然低速馬達(dá)本身體積和重量較大,但不用減速器,使整個(gè)液壓起升機(jī)構(gòu)重量減輕,體積減小。并使傳動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)單、零件少,起動(dòng)性能和制動(dòng)性能好,對(duì)液壓油的污染敏感性小。殼轉(zhuǎn)的內(nèi)曲線徑向柱塞式低速大扭矩馬達(dá),可以裝在卷筒內(nèi)部,由馬達(dá)殼體直接帶動(dòng)卷筒轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單緊湊,便于布置。如圖2.1所示。
圖2.1 液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu)布置方案(一)
液壓多速卷揚(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu)有多種布置方案:液壓馬達(dá)、制動(dòng)器和行星減速器分別布置在卷筒的兩側(cè),即對(duì)稱布置(圖2.2)。
圖2.2 液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu)布置方案(二)
本設(shè)計(jì)所采用的方案:
本設(shè)計(jì)傳動(dòng)方案根據(jù)比較選用如(圖2.3)所示,多片盤式制動(dòng)器安裝在馬達(dá)上,聯(lián)軸器內(nèi)置于卷筒內(nèi)。此方案整體體積小,結(jié)構(gòu)較緊湊。
圖2.3 本設(shè)計(jì)所采用的方案
(4)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃:
時(shí)間
設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及要求
第1周
收集資料,撰寫開題報(bào)告,翻譯外文資料。
第2周
撰寫開題報(bào)告(需教師審核簽字)及開題報(bào)告答辯用PPT,參加公開答辯。
第3周
畢設(shè)的總體方案設(shè)計(jì)及多方案對(duì)比分析。
第4-7周
方案設(shè)計(jì)及總體裝配圖。
第8-9周
確定各部分參數(shù)并繪制草圖。 繪制零件圖和控制原理圖。
第10-13周
修改設(shè)計(jì),打印圖紙,整理設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書和譯文。
第14周
修改圖紙、說明書,教師終審簽字。圖紙打印 說明書裝訂,參加答辯。
1.4參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 孫霞.100kN液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)[J]. 探礦工程(巖土鉆掘工程).2000-05.
[2] 徐廣闊.大功率液壓絞車新型液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究[D].浙江工業(yè)大學(xué).2013-11
[3] 龐曉旭; 寇子明.自動(dòng)排繩液壓絞車裝置的設(shè)計(jì)[J].機(jī)械管理開發(fā) 2012-12-15
[4] 上官紅喜.防爆液壓絞車的設(shè)計(jì)[J].煤礦機(jī)械.2012-08.
[5] 衛(wèi)振勇.基于AMESim的液壓絞車液壓系統(tǒng)研究[J].起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械.2011-05
[6] 劉廣平; 朱國(guó)牛.液壓絞車行星傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J].液壓與氣動(dòng).2010-12
2、答辯組論證結(jié)論
(1)方案可行,技術(shù)路線清晰 □ (2)方案可行,技術(shù)路線基本清晰 □
(3)方案基本可行,技術(shù)路線不很清晰 □ (4)方案和技術(shù)路線不很清晰 □
(5)方案和技術(shù)路線不清晰 □
3、指導(dǎo)教師意見: 教研室主任意見:
指導(dǎo)教師(簽名): 教研室主任(簽名):
年 月 日 年 月 日
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
10噸液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)說明書
Design of 10t Hydraulic Hoist
學(xué)生姓名
所在院系
所學(xué)專業(yè)
所在班級(jí)
指導(dǎo)教師
教師職稱
完成時(shí)間
: 姜宏揚(yáng)
: 國(guó)際教育學(xué)院
: 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
: 機(jī)制1646班
: 羅士軍
: 博士
: 2020年5月26日
CHANGCHUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
10噸液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)說明書
Design of 10t Hydraulic Hoist
設(shè)計(jì)題目: 10噸液壓卷揚(yáng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)生姓名: 姜宏揚(yáng)
學(xué)院名稱: 長(zhǎng)春工程學(xué)院
專業(yè)名稱: 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
班級(jí)名稱: 機(jī)制1646
學(xué) 號(hào): 1622421615
指導(dǎo)教師: 羅士軍
教師職稱: 博士
完成時(shí)間: 2020年5月26日
2020年5月26日
Procedia Engineering 35 ( 2012 ) 176 181 1877-7058 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.04.178 International Meeting of Electrical Engineering Research ENIINVIE-2012 Experimental characterization of mechanical vibrations and acoustical noise generated by defective automotive wheel hub bearings Eduardo Rubio*, Juan C. Juregui CIATEQ A.C.,Centro de Tecnologa Avanzada Cto. Aguascalientes Norte 135, P.I.V.A., Aguascalientes, Ags., C.P. 20358, Mexico Abstract Wheel hub bearing faults in passenger cars cause chattering at the corresponding wheel, increase chassis vibration and generate high noise levels inside the car cabin. In this paper a series of in-situ test with defective and healthy wheel hub bearings were conducted. Mechanical vibrations and sound were measured and data were analyzed with a number of signal processing methods in frequency and time-frequency domains. Additionally, a statistical signal processing method was also performed. The results of the various methods are compared and it was found that most of the methods used in this work are well suited for the analysis. Some methods, however, show certain limitations with respect to their informative value and their ability of implementation. 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the ENIINVIE-2012. Keywords: Instrumentation; vibrations analysis; faulty bearing; automotive parts1. Introduction Bearings play an important role in any rotary machinery. Not only do bearings influence the quality of the machinerys accuracy, but also do they directly impact the engines life span. Defects in bearings cause recurrent impacts on the rotating part degrading its performance. Therefore, a lot of research has * Corresponding author. Tel.: +52-449-9731060 E-mail address: eduardo.rubiociateq.mx. Available online at Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.177 Eduardo Rubio and Juan C. Juregui / Procedia Engineering 35 ( 2012 ) 176 181 been conducted to the detection of bearing defects at early stages of failure development, especially because early detection decreases production machinery downtime and maintenance costs. There are a number of measurement, analyses and detection schemes which are widely recognized. It appears that the state of the art is to measure acceleration directly on the bearing casing by means of piezoelectric accelerometers 1, 2. Furthermore, acoustic measurement methods have been proposed by means of acoustic transducers 3. Time-domain analyses and detection methods have been proposed, such as phase diagrams 4 and threshold counters 5. However, the frequency-domain analysis is the most ubiquitous method found in the literature. Pure frequency analyses or time-frequency methods such as the Short-Term Fourier Transform (STFT) have been investigated. In addition, statistical signal processing methods have been published as well. Among these methods are Crest Factor, Kurtosis and Beta Function 6, probability prediction and scatter plots 7 and autocorrelation together with the probability density function 8. Most research has been done with respect to rotating production machinery bearings, rarely car wheel hub bearings. In this paper in-situ measurements of mechanical vibrations produced by a defective wheel hub bearing and sound transmitted to the chassis cabin, under normal car usage conditions were conducted and various vibration analysis techniques were applied. 2. Autocorrelation The autocorrelation function displays information about a signals self-similarity. More formally speaking, it gives the correlation between two signal points separated by a time lag. For continuous, finite energy signals the autocorrelation function is ?+=dttstsR)()()(* (1) and for discrete-time signals ?=nnxnxR* (2) In both cases ? is the lag between two observation points whereas * is the complex conjugate. R(0) and R0, respectively, are the maximum of the function and, furthermore, the autocorrelation is normalized so that the latter points equal unity. Real signals autocorrelation is an even symmetric function with respect to zero. It gives information about a signals stationarity, e.g. a clearly pronounced pointy correlation indicates weak stationarity whereas a wide correlation corresponds to a strongly stationary signal. In addition, periodic signals produce periodic autocorrelation functions with the same period as the time signal 3. Experimental setup In order to acquire the desired data for further processing and analysis, a passenger car was equipped with measurement devices and signal processing hardware. The experiment, as depicted in Fig. 1, was conducted on a conventional highway. During the first measurement series, the left rear wheel hub was equipped with a faulty bearing. Then it was replaced with a healthy bearing. Consequently, two series of measurements were conducted, with the faulty and the good bearing, respectively. To begin with, a solid-state accelerometer was mounted on the relevant wheel hub. The mounted accelerometer was sensible to acceleration forces perpendicular with respect to the road. All consecutive 178 Eduardo Rubio and Juan C. Juregui / Procedia Engineering 35 ( 2012 ) 176 181 measurement modules were installed inside the vehicle cabin. The acquired acceleration data were voltages proportional to the gravitational constant and passed first through a conditioner stage whose output terminal held the acceleration data. Furthermore, the obtained acceleration data were sent through two integrator stages. The outputs of the latter held the velocity and the displacement, respectively. Ultimately, all four data streams were connected to a data acquisition device. Fig. 1 Experimental setup. Not only is vibration information of interest, but also acoustic noise perception inside the car cabin. To this end, an electret condenser microphone was mounted onto the inner hull of the cabin. A high-end data acquisition board NI PCMCIA 6062E was used. For measurement series, all five data streams were sampled at 20 kHz and sent to a control center in a laptop computer for storage. Hence, all the data were available for off-line signal processing. The bearing in use was of the type double-rowed ball bearing for non-driven wheels. A perspective view with a lateral cut is shown in Fig. 2. As depicted, the inner race is stationary whereas the outer race revolves. The latter is connected to the wheel and the former to the vehicle body. Fig. 2 Wheel hub bearing. 4. Results As the experiment was conducted with rising vehicle velocity, a proportional increase in the measured vibrations acceleration at the bearing was expected. The corresponding ramp was expected to be of lower 179 Eduardo Rubio and Juan C. Juregui / Procedia Engineering 35 ( 2012 ) 176 181 inclination with a healthy bearing as opposed to the faulty one. Fig. 3 shows two acceleration surface spectrogram plots for both defective and healthy bearings. 4.1. Acceleration Analysis Fig. 3 shows the frequency analysis for a defective bearing and a healthy bearing. Interestingly, both spectra have a similarity which could, to some extent, be approximated by a factor. However, it is clearly visible where most of the energy caused by a defective bearing is located in the measured data. Those cumulated peaks evolve at around 4750 Hz with a bandwidth of roughly 2000 Hz. Added to that, a further accumulation of peaks caused by the bad bearing is located at frequencies below 500 Hz (see Fig. 5 for a more detailed view). Both trends are a clear indicator of a defective component in the wheel hub. Bearings show a resonance frequency band in the upper frequencies. Published works, as in 5, stated that low-frequency impulses created by defective bearing parts excite a resonance frequency band in the upper frequencies of the bearing vibration. This resonance can clearly be seen in the spectrogram. The detection technique using this resonance property is called High Frequency Resonance Technique and has been implemented together with envelope detection schemes 9,10. Fig. 3 Surface spectrogram of acceleration data. Good bearing (left), faulty bearing (right). Statistical signal processing methods were applied to the data. The autocorrelation function results can be seen in Fig. 4 and are surprisingly clear and similar in shape for the good bearing as in 8. The dominating low frequency components in the healthy bearing result in a smooth autocorrelation. On the other hand, the high frequency resonance conglomerate of the bad bearing produces strong jittering with respect to the lag in the autocorrelation. 4.2. Acoustic Noise Analysis As a huge amount of the signal energy of the acceleration data were located around 4750 Hz, a similar conglomerate was expected in the acoustic noise measurements. However, Fig. 5 shows clearly that the audio signal of a defective bearing carries hardly any energy above 500 Hz. Most likely the chassis natural frequencies lie far below the high frequency conglomerate of the acceleration data. Molisani et al. 11 stated that car cabin noise below 400 Hz is mainly structural borne, meaning that it gets translated into the cabin by physical connections, which apparently do omit higher frequencies. On that account, only a partial energy amount initiated by the chattering of the bad bearing was transformed into acoustic waves inside the vehicle cabin. 180 Eduardo Rubio and Juan C. Juregui / Procedia Engineering 35 ( 2012 ) 176 181 Fig. 4 Statistical analysis. Plots shown in Fig. 5 indicate the correlation between the acceleration and noise measurements below 500 Hz. Three clearly pronounced peaks in the acceleration data of the bad bearing distinguish it from the good bearing, where such peaks remain unobserved. The peak at 200 Hz translates unequivocally into the noise measurement, where a notable amount of energy is located around 200 Hz, as well. Post experimental subjective tests confirmed that the most important audible part, which distinguishes the audio signals, is indeed the 200 Hz peak. The same phenomenon was audible while conducting the measurements inside the vehicle cabin, it equaled a booming sound. 5. Conclusions From our analyses the following conclusions can be established: The FFT and STFT are powerful and meaningful instruments for off-line analysis of accelerometer measurements of bearings. And whats more, healthy from faulty bearings can be distinguished, observing the upper frequency resonance band, even when the measurements were conducted in a raw environment such as a regular highway road. Statistical signal processing of acceleration data can also be used. Especially because the computed data are nearly self-explanatory and easy to interpret. Measurements can be used to identify good and bad bearings, respectively. Noise measurements inside the vehicle cabin are only significant at low frequencies, as higher frequencies are virtually non-existent. Nevertheless, clearly audible frequencies caused by a faulty bearing prove noise perception to be a potent means of evaluating a bearings state in a moving vehicle. Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge financial assistance from the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT) and the Government of Aguascalientes. 181 Eduardo Rubio and Juan C. Juregui / Procedia Engineering 35 ( 2012 ) 176 181 Fig. 5 Correlation between audio (top) and acceleration (bottom) data, good bearing (left) and faulty bearing (right). References 1 He W, Jiang ZN, Feng K. Bearing fault detection based on optimal wavelet filter and space code shrinkage. Measurement 2009;42:1092-1102. 2 Wang GF, Li YB, Luo ZG. Fault classification of rolling bearing beased on reconstructed phase space and gaussian mixture model. J. Sound Vib.2009;323:1077-89. 3 Li CJ, Li SY. Acoustic emission analysis for bearing condition monitoring. Wear 1995;185:67-74. 4 Jauregui JC, Gonzalez O, Rubio E. The application of time-frequency and phase diagram analyses for the early detection of faulty roller bearing. Proc. ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea and Air; 2009, p. 1-10. 5 Tandon N, Choudhury A. A review of vibration and acoustic measurement methods for the detection of defects in rolling element bearings. Tribol. Int. 1999;32:469-480. 6 Heng RBW, Nor MJM. Statistical analysis of sound and vibration signals for monitoring rolling element bearing condition. Appl. Acoust. 1998;53:211-226. 7 Masuike H, Ikuta A. Statistical signal processing by using the higher-order correlation between sound and vibration and its application to fault detection of rotational machine. Adv. Acoust. Vib. 2008;2008:1-7. 8 Sturm A, Kinsky D. Diagnostics of rolling-element bearing condition by means of vibration monitoring under operating conditions. Measurement 1984;2:58-62. 9 McFadden PD, Smith JD. Vibration monitoring of rolling element bearings by the high-frequency resonance technique-a review. Tribol. Int. 1984;17:3-10. 10 Sheen YT. An envelope detection method based on the first-vibration-mode of bearing vibration. Measurement 2008; 41:797-809. 11 Molisani LR, Burdisso RA, Tsihlas D. A coupled tire structure/acoustic cavity model. Int. J. Solids Struct.2003;40:5125-38.
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