1751_滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺設(shè)計

1751_滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺設(shè)計,輪式,腳踏,液壓,升降,平臺,設(shè)計 滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車設(shè)計學(xué)生姓名:王小明 班級:078105327指導(dǎo)老師:袁 寧摘 要: 本課題是為工廠車間等場所搬運貨物而設(shè)計的腳踏液壓升降臺，是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的必然產(chǎn)物。滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車由優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材、液壓泵、液壓缸、油管、腳輪等有機(jī)組合而成，它可以代替人手的繁重勞動，顯著減輕工人的勞動強(qiáng)度，改善勞動條件，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率和自動化水平。本文所介紹的液壓升降臺最大載重量是500kg，該升降臺由兩部分組成：機(jī)構(gòu)本體和液壓系統(tǒng)。升降臺升降的操作控制是由一套液壓系統(tǒng)和液壓缸來完成的，而組合而成的液壓系統(tǒng)全部放在液壓油泵中。液壓泵和液壓缸都采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件，其中液壓缸為單作用液壓缸，液壓泵為腳踏式，本文首先通過支撐鉸架的受力分析詳細(xì)闡述了要提升起貨物，液壓缸所需承受的最大壓力。接著以之作為根據(jù)說明液壓泵、液壓缸等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的選用及型號，并介紹液壓泵內(nèi)部相關(guān)液壓系統(tǒng)原理以及對液壓泵儲油量進(jìn)行核算。此外在強(qiáng)度校核方面，主要通過材料力學(xué)知識對鉸架以及液壓缸作用兩端的軸進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核，最后對本升降臺進(jìn)行重量和成本核算。本畢業(yè)設(shè)計借鑒了大量的資料，采用了許多國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，充分的吸收了各行業(yè)有關(guān)專家的寶貴經(jīng)驗。關(guān)鍵詞：腳踏式升降臺 液壓缸 液壓泵 液壓系統(tǒng) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件 成本核算指導(dǎo)老師簽名:Roller-type hydraulic lifting platformpedal car designStudent name:Wang Xiao Ming Class:078105327Supervisor:Yuan NingAbstract ：This issue is roller-type hydraulic lifting platform pedal car design for places such as factory and machine shop for cargo handling , it is a inevitable product in industrial production.This machine is posed by high-quality steel ,hydraulic cylinder ，hydraulic pump，pipeline, casters and so on.It can replace the heavy manual labor，significantly reduce labor intensity and improve working conditions and raise the level of labor productivity and automation.The biggest load of this snorkel described in this article is 500kg and the platform consists of two parts: body and the hydraulic system lift .The operation and control of the snorkel are completed by a set of hydraulic systems and hydraulic cylinders，also the combination of all of the hydraulic system are stored in the hydraulic pump .Both hydraulic pumps and hydraulic cylinders are standard, the former is a single hydraulic cylinder and the later is Pedal type。firstly，This article expound the required maximum pressure the hydraulic cylinder bear that need to up the goods through the support of the hinge force analysis .according to this， the standard and model choice of the hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinde are determined，And it describes relevant hydraulic system principles and account oil volume of the hydraulic pump.In addition, this paper check the strength of the hinge frame and the axes at both ends of the Hydraulic cylinder by mainly using the mechanics of materials knowledge ，F(xiàn)inally, check the weight and cost of this lifting platform .This Graduation Project have refer from a large amount of information and national standards, it fully absorbed the valuable experience of experts in all walks of life.Key word:Pedal-style platform hydraulic pump hydraulic cylinder hydraulic system standard parts cost accountingSignature of Supervisor:目 錄1 緒論1.1 課題研究的目的及意義 .11.1.1滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車設(shè)計的目的 .11.1.2滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車設(shè)計的意義 .11.2 國內(nèi)外液壓技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢.11.2.1研究現(xiàn)狀 .11.2.2發(fā)展趨勢 .21.3 本課題研究內(nèi)容 .22 滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車的總計機(jī)設(shè)2.1 總體方案的分析比較和確定 .32.2 液壓升降平臺車的結(jié)構(gòu)及運動原理 .43 升降臺尺寸初步分析計算3.1 升降臺高度的計算 .73.2 相關(guān)角度的計算.73.3 液壓缸作用結(jié)構(gòu)圖分析 .84 升降臺受力及力矩分析4.1 整體受力分析圖 .104.2 外鉸架受力分析圖 .104.3 內(nèi)鉸架受力分析圖 .104.4 力和力矩的分析計算.114.4.1鉸架上端鉸支受力 .114.4.2整體受力分析計算 .124.4.3內(nèi)、外鉸架單獨受力分析 .124.4.4力矩平衡分析 .124.5 液壓缸受力分析 .134.5.1液壓缸受力公式的導(dǎo)出 .134.5.2液壓缸最大受力時數(shù)值及角度計算 .145 液壓系統(tǒng)的分析5.1 受載分析 .165.2 液壓系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計 .165.2.1設(shè)計要求 .165.2.2液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖 .176 液壓缸、液壓泵的選型6.1 液壓缸基本尺寸計算.186.2 液壓缸具體選型 .196.3 液壓泵設(shè)計計算及選型 .196.4 油量的校核 .207 腳輪 滾輪的選用7.1 選用要求 .217.2 腳輪實際選型 .217.3 滾輪的選用 .228 各構(gòu)件參數(shù)設(shè)計8.1 內(nèi)、外鉸架材料及設(shè)計尺寸選擇 .228.2 滾道材料及設(shè)計尺寸選擇 .228.3 升降工作臺材料及設(shè)計尺寸選擇 .238.4 底座材料及設(shè)計尺寸選擇 .239 應(yīng)力計算及強(qiáng)度校核9.1 內(nèi)、外鉸架力的分解.239.2 外鉸架軸力圖、剪力圖和彎矩 .249.3 內(nèi)鉸架軸力圖、剪力圖和彎矩圖分析.269.4 鉸架應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度校核 .279.4.1鉸架截面尺寸的確定.289.4.2鉸架截面應(yīng)力分析校核 .289.5 肋板連接軸強(qiáng)度校核.319.5.1肋板連接軸受力和彎矩圖 .319.5.2肋板連接軸強(qiáng)度校核.3210 升降平臺車重量核算10.1升降臺總重計算核對 .3311 升降臺成本核算11.1 成本核算概念 .3411.2 產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)成本項目 .3411.3 生產(chǎn)成本的核算.3511.3.1直接材料成本的核算 .3511.3.2直接人工成本的核算 .3511.3.3制造成本的核算 .3511.4總計生產(chǎn)成本 .35參考文獻(xiàn) .36致 謝 .371 緒論1.1 課題研究的目的及意義1.1.1 滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車設(shè)計的目的1、理論目的：綜合運用機(jī)械設(shè)計課程、液壓技術(shù)，材料力學(xué)及其他與相關(guān)課程的理論知識和生產(chǎn)實際，進(jìn)行液壓升降臺設(shè)計實踐，使理論知識和生產(chǎn)實踐緊密結(jié)合起來，從而使已有知識學(xué)有所用，并得到進(jìn)一步的鞏固和提高。2、實踐目的：在設(shè)計實踐中學(xué)習(xí)和掌握通用液壓元件，尤其是各類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)元件的選用原則和回路的組合方法，培養(yǎng)設(shè)計技能，提高分析和解決生產(chǎn)實際問題的能力，為今后的設(shè)計制造工作打好的基礎(chǔ)。3、通過液壓升降平臺車設(shè)計，學(xué)生應(yīng)在計算、繪圖、運用程序軟件和熟悉設(shè)計資料（包括設(shè)計手冊、產(chǎn)品樣本、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范）以及進(jìn)行評估方面得到實際訓(xùn)練，增強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新設(shè)計能力。1.1.2 滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車設(shè)計的意義隨著當(dāng)代機(jī)械制造業(yè)與液壓技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，社會生產(chǎn)對生產(chǎn)率的要求也越來越高，因此，在人類社會工農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中，具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，操作方便，升降平穩(wěn)等優(yōu)點的液壓升降機(jī)起著極其重要的作用。滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降機(jī)是一種新型的液壓升降機(jī)，主要由機(jī)械元件和液壓系統(tǒng)等組成。滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降機(jī)適合于車間、倉庫、車站、碼頭等場所，且由于只需要簡單動力，不會產(chǎn)生火花和電磁場，故特別適合搬運易燃、易爆物品，這種升降機(jī)對提高搬運效率、減輕勞動強(qiáng)度等都具有重要意義。此外，滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降臺根據(jù)使用要求，可配置其它附加裝置，并可任意多項或組合，能達(dá)到更好的使用效果。因此我們有必要對它進(jìn)行深入研究。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計的題目來源于生產(chǎn)第一線，所設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品具有實用價值，已經(jīng)有成熟產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)。我們可以參考現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品做出的改進(jìn)設(shè)計，使產(chǎn)品機(jī)構(gòu)更合理、更實用、更可靠。1.2 國內(nèi)外液壓技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢1.2.1 研究現(xiàn)狀液壓升降機(jī)的核心部件在于液壓提升設(shè)備,因此國內(nèi)外對液壓提升設(shè)備主要進(jìn)行動力分析和運動分析，確定液壓缸的主要性能參數(shù)和主要尺寸。如液壓缸的推力速度，作用時間，內(nèi)徑，液壓升降機(jī)行程及活塞桿直徑等。為避免液壓缸體積大且沉重、不便拆裝、用途單一、價格高、長時間暴露在外面易老化腐蝕，造成無謂的損害，久后會使連接處漏水等缺點。它通常采用35、34號或無縫鋼管做成實心桿或空心桿，為了提高耐磨性的防銹蝕，目前國內(nèi)傳統(tǒng)工藝是表面鍍硬鉻（鍍層厚度0.020.05mm）并拋光，其表面粗糙度Ra為1.60.4m。由于鍍鉻對人、環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重，屬國家環(huán)保線值項目，且鍍層不均勻，液壓提升設(shè)備的工作液壓提升設(shè)備其實也就是個最簡單的油缸了.通過手動增壓稈(液壓手動泵)使液壓油經(jīng)過一液壓提升設(shè)備是液壓缸的重要部件。1.2.2 發(fā)展趨勢隨著全球科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，世界液壓升降臺工業(yè)相繼發(fā)生了一系列重大的技術(shù)革命，極大地提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，擴(kuò)大了生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，降低了產(chǎn)品熱耗、能耗，有效控制了煙塵、粉塵、有害氣體的排放，由此引發(fā)了世界液壓技術(shù)工業(yè)快速發(fā)展，解決了全球?qū)σ簤寒a(chǎn)品的巨大需求。在最近 20 年，世界液壓工業(yè)新技術(shù)絕大部分是在上世紀(jì)幾大創(chuàng)新技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)或發(fā)展的，這些新技術(shù)包括降低熱耗、提高自動化程度、擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、利用廢物、環(huán)境保護(hù)、產(chǎn)品深加工等方面。其中玻璃鋼/復(fù)合材料的技術(shù)有著良好的發(fā)展前景，就是要大力開拓玻璃鋼/復(fù)合材料的應(yīng)用范圍，不斷提高先進(jìn)性能。此外，隨著人們生活水平的提高，建筑面積不段增加，像車間、倉庫等面積小又急需節(jié)省人力資源，提高勞動效率高，減少噪音和污染的場所，腳踏式液壓升降平臺車應(yīng)運而生。國內(nèi)外研究人員正針對這些場所，根據(jù)人們的不同需要在不斷的完善升降平臺車的結(jié)構(gòu)性能，改變體積的大小！研發(fā)出能夠更加實現(xiàn)重物的平穩(wěn)升降、節(jié)省人力、占用空間小、安全可靠并能迅速地對承載物重量的改變做出反應(yīng)的腳踏式液壓升降平臺車。1.3 本課題研究內(nèi)容本設(shè)計課題主要研究內(nèi)容包括滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車的總體方案論證選擇、液壓系統(tǒng)回路的設(shè)計、相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的計算選型、零部件設(shè)計、材料選擇首先對液壓升降技術(shù)參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析研究，結(jié)合具體實例，對機(jī)構(gòu)中兩種液壓缸布置方式分析比較，并根據(jù)要求對液壓傳動系統(tǒng)個部分進(jìn)行設(shè)計計算最終確定液壓執(zhí)行元件-液壓缸，通過對鉸架的各項受力分析確定臺板與鉸架的載荷要求，設(shè)計出一種高效節(jié)能無污染，且運用廣泛的滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車。2 滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車的總機(jī)設(shè)計2.1 總體方案的分析比較和確定根據(jù)設(shè)計任務(wù)技術(shù)要求，滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車的設(shè)計需達(dá)到以下要求：額定載重量 500kg，升降臺最大升高高度在 950 毫米到 1050 毫米之間，通過腳踩腳踏式液壓泵提起貨物，要求后輪固定，設(shè)置過載安全閥，確保操作者安全，剎車安全可靠。可在升程內(nèi)任意位置停止升降。經(jīng)過多方面考慮，對滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車的設(shè)計初擬定兩種方案，圖 2-1（方案一圖） 圖 2-2（方案二圖）方案一分析：如圖 2-1 所示，液壓升降臺采用的液壓缸兩端都可在一定空間內(nèi)自由活動，這樣一來對液壓缸易受到徑向剪切力和較大彎矩，從而對其壓桿穩(wěn)定性要求很高。從外形結(jié)構(gòu)上來說，尺寸設(shè)計計算和力的計算都很復(fù)雜 ，而且要滿足升降臺升降時的最大最小高度，需要較大的液壓缸行程。此外從安全方面考慮，與液壓缸上端作用點相連接的肋板部分作用在連接鉸架的軸上，則軸對該處鉸架截面作用力將很大，則該截面可能成為危險截面。且當(dāng)液壓缸活塞到底部時，升降臺還可能將有較大高度 ，不能滿足升降臺最低高度的設(shè)計要求。方案二分析：如圖 2-2 所示，該方案和方案一不同之處之一在于，液壓缸一端通過軸固定在底座上，另一端通過肋板固定在鉸架上，這樣液壓缸的一端繞另一端在某個較小角度內(nèi)旋轉(zhuǎn)，能保證液壓缸具有較好的壓桿穩(wěn)定性，而且液壓缸作用在鉸架的實心截面處，使鉸架受力分配較均勻。另外，在此方案中，液壓缸的作用點較低，那么的液壓缸的行程只需變化很小，便載物臺就可以實現(xiàn)較大幅度的升降，易于滿足設(shè)計要求，因此它能節(jié)省工作人員的體力，提高工作人員的工作效率。通過以上的方案分析，本滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車采用方案二設(shè)計。2.2 液壓升降平臺車的結(jié)構(gòu)及運動原理滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車主要由動力源和機(jī)架兩部分組成，動力源部分主要由腳踏式液壓泵和單作用液壓缸組成，機(jī)架部分由工作平臺，內(nèi)外剪式鉸架板和底座導(dǎo)軌槽，支撐板等構(gòu)件組成(如圖2-3所示)。滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車的運動原理如下所述：首先，升降平臺的升降是通過液壓缸的伸縮運動來實現(xiàn)地的。液壓缸一端通過軸和兩肋板與外鉸架相連。另一端通過軸固定在底座導(dǎo)軌槽的中部位置；其次，內(nèi)、外鉸架與導(dǎo)軌槽連接的方式為：圖示鉸架右端通過安裝了軸承的滾輪與上下導(dǎo)軌槽相連接，圖示鉸架左端通過鉸支連接固定在上下導(dǎo)軌槽左部；腳踏式液壓泵經(jīng)過油管與液壓缸相連，則當(dāng)腳踩液壓泵腳踏板時，油壓將頂起液壓缸使柱塞伸出，當(dāng)卸荷時，重物的重力將使肋板壓縮柱塞，使柱塞回縮進(jìn)去。由前述的連接方式得，與外鉸架5右側(cè)，內(nèi)鉸架3右側(cè)相連接的滾輪將左右滾動，從而工作平臺將上升或下降，起到升降貨物的作用。此外，萬向腳輪10上安裝有剎車，方便在搬運貨物的時候升降臺不會移動。圖 2-3 液壓升降平臺車結(jié)構(gòu) 1單向腳輪，2液壓缸，3內(nèi)鉸架，4平臺導(dǎo)軌槽，5外鉸架，6工作平臺7手推扶桿，8液壓泵，9底座支撐板，10萬向腳輪，11底座導(dǎo)軌槽3 升降臺尺寸初步分析計算3.1 升降臺高度的計算（1） 、設(shè)計升降臺最大高度為 950 至 1050mm 之間，可取 =1000mm 左右，而maxh升降臺最小高度設(shè)計為 =435mm； minh（2） 、選用滾輪時，因滾輪為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件，可選取其直徑為 150mm，則輪子底部至升降臺底座支撐板底部的距離，即滾輪機(jī)構(gòu)總體高度可選為 t=200mm；（3)、試選上端導(dǎo)軌槽整體高度 =50mm,底座導(dǎo)軌槽整體厚度 =60mm,則未考1t 2t慮平臺厚度的情況下，上端導(dǎo)軌槽固定鉸支中心與底座固定鉸支中心的距離為：a 升降臺處于最大高度時， = -（t+ + ）=1000-(200+ + )ahmx21t 2506=745mmb 升降臺處于最小高度時， = -（t+ + ）=435-(200+ + )bin1t=180mm3.2 相關(guān)角度的計算 若設(shè)液壓缸作用點中心與平臺底部距離為 =10mm,則底座固定鉸支中心至液4t壓缸作用點中心的垂直距離為：g= - - =180-10- =145mm。bh2150由升降平臺尺寸為 1010520mm,則可設(shè)升降臺處于最低高度時，底座固定鉸支中心與活動鉸支中心兩點距離為 d=850mm。則 tan 1= dhb=850=0.2117 1= 2則 2L= 2b=869mm從而 sin 2= Lha= 86974=0.8575 2= 59以上 2L- 鉸架長度；1- 升降臺最低高度時鉸架中心線與底座導(dǎo)軌中心線夾角；2- 升降臺最大高度時鉸架中心線與底座導(dǎo)軌中心線夾角；此時升降臺處于最大高度時有，底座固定鉸支中心與活動鉸支中心兩點距離為e= 2tanh= 59t74=448mm2d=435mm。這說明當(dāng)升降臺處于最大高度時，所承受重物作用中心仍介于平臺固定鉸支中心與活動鉸支中心之間，使得平臺傾覆的可能性極小，滿足穩(wěn)定性要求。3.3 液壓缸作用結(jié)構(gòu)圖分析 如下兩圖 3-1、3-2 中:圖 3-1 升降臺結(jié)構(gòu)分析 圖 3-2 液壓缸作用簡化圖若令 =m ， =p ，則 =n 由 確定；cdecf設(shè)計當(dāng)升降臺達(dá)最大高度時，液壓缸作用點中心與底座固定鉸支中心連線ce 處于垂直位置，即與水平成 ，則90當(dāng) = 1= 2時， sin（ + ）=g=145mm；ce1當(dāng) = = 59時， + 2= =3由上得 p= = = =213mmce1sing)2si(45現(xiàn)將液壓泵的支撐點作用于底座中心 d 點，則M= = =425mmd2現(xiàn)計算液壓缸中心線（線 ed）到 c 點的距離 n 的大小對于 ced，由面積關(guān)系可有：，從而得：cedcfefS）（ sinpm21sin21sinp21）（）（ sinmipn）（將 p=213mm，m=425mm， = 代入上式得：31sin425sin21345）（i87.）（4 升降臺受力及力矩分析4.1 整體受力分析圖升降臺在整體受力如圖 4-1，圖 4-1 整體受力分析圖4.2 外鉸架受力分析圖外鉸架 L1 受力分析如圖 4-2，圖 4-2 外鉸架受力分析圖圖中： , ;cos1ndcos2nld, ;ihih4.3 內(nèi)鉸架受力分析圖內(nèi)鉸架 L2 受力分析如圖 4-3，圖 4-3 內(nèi)鉸架受力分析圖圖中; , ;coslxsinly;tany以上了圖中所示力的方向皆為事先假設(shè)力的方向，其中規(guī)定水平方向（x方向）向上為正，向下為負(fù)；豎直方向（y方向）向右為正，向左為負(fù)。4.4力和力矩的分析計算4.4.1鉸架上端鉸支受力先忽略平臺自重，則由上圖因為 ， cos2lRw所以cos4lGFyb而 xwffybx11（令 ，且有 ， 為軸承滾輪與平a coslxRw21f臺導(dǎo)軌槽間的摩擦系數(shù)） ，則至此能計算出 、 、 、xaFyxbyF4.4.2整體受力分析計算cos42lGRlya 對平臺，重物及兩鉸架組成的整體進(jìn)行受力分析：（4.1）=0 =0 . xxdcF1os=0 . y 02inGFy4.4.3 內(nèi)、外鉸架單獨受力分析對 L1 單獨進(jìn)行受力平衡分析：=0 =0 .xxboxcF1os=0 =0 .y yyFin由、得 . xboxd由、得 . yyG2對 L2 單獨進(jìn)行受力平衡分析：=0 =0 . xxoaxdF=0 =0 . y yadyo4.4.4 力矩平衡分析若規(guī)定逆時針為正，順時針為負(fù)，則對 L1 的 c 點的轉(zhuǎn)矩平衡得：=0 =0 cM xFyxFhFbbyo2sincs11 （a） 對 L2 有：（1） ，d 點的轉(zhuǎn)矩平衡得：=0 =0 xyxyooaxa2.（b） （2） ，o 點的轉(zhuǎn)矩平衡得：=0 =0MyFxFyxdydaxa =0 tantnxyx.（c）又因為 .（d）2fFydx軸承滾輪與底座導(dǎo)軌槽間的摩擦系數(shù)2f4.5 液壓缸受力分析 4.5.1 液壓缸受力公式的導(dǎo)出由（c） ， （d）兩式得：tan12fFFyxyta)(222fff yxydxd則至此能算出 ydxF,由上 、式分別可得：xbdxocos4tan1)(122lGwffy .（e）ybdyoFG2= tan12fx- cos4lGw .（f） 將以上（e） 、 （f）式代入至（a）式得：F= 11sico2ttdhFFxybxby = 11intatasl ybxbyox.（g）至此可算出力 F，由于這些力是按對稱鉸架的一邊來考慮的，所以 F 為鉸架與底座成 時液壓缸所承受的一半力的大小。則 T=2F= 11sinco2tatas2dhFl ybxbyx其中：T-液壓缸受力大小4.5.2 液壓缸最大受力時數(shù)值及角度計算分析液壓缸產(chǎn)生最大力時，鉸架與底座所成角度 大小 根據(jù)上面一系列的式子有，當(dāng) 為不同大小時，對應(yīng)各鉸支點受力大小不同，從而液壓缸受力大小相應(yīng)不同?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)以上所列式子將部分關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)輸入如下表 4-1,表 4-112824306428549xoF-24.5 -24.4 -24.4 -24.4 -24.3 -24.3 -24.2 -24.2 -24.1y2447.7 2375.2 2268.9 2122.0 1923.6 1657.1 1295.8 794.4 212.3xb12.2 12.6 13.1 13.8 14.8 16.1 17.9 20.4 23.2yF1223.6 1258.4 1310.1 1382.0 1479.4 1610.5 1788.7 2036.2 2322.81h64.8 87.6 106.8 122.9 136.3 147.1 155.3 161.0 163.8d305.0 270.0 239.8 212.9 187.6 163.3 139.8 116.9 98.4128.35 29.40 29.95 30.07 29.84 29.32 28.55 27.57 26.62l435 435 435 435 435 435 435 435 435(N)T20635 19394 18310 17284 16253 15170 13997 12705 11517此外經(jīng)過更精確的計算得，液壓缸受力曲線圖如下圖 4-4，05000100001500020000250000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70T圖 4-4 液壓缸受力曲線圖由上圖得，當(dāng)升降臺處于最低位置，即 = 時，液壓缸受力最大，此時有有 12T = 20635 N，考慮到工作平臺，工作平臺導(dǎo)軌槽，內(nèi)、外鉸架等的重量，經(jīng)咨詢，可取一系數(shù) =1.3，則液壓缸所受最大壓力為 sK= T= 20635 1.3 =26825.5 26826N maxTs5 液壓系統(tǒng)的分析5.1 受載分析該腳踏式液壓升降臺的工作循環(huán)過程是：當(dāng)工作平臺處于最低位置時，腳踩腳踏板，升降臺升起，當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)最大高度時，升降臺停止上升，液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入保壓階段；在升降臺上升的過程中，升降臺的傾角不斷地發(fā)生變化；升降臺開始下降，下降到最低點停止運動，至此升降臺一個工作循環(huán)結(jié)束。在升降臺的整個工作循環(huán)過程中，在最低位置時液壓缸推力最大。隨著上平臺高度的增加，液壓缸的推力將逐漸減小。5.2 液壓系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計5.2.1 設(shè)計要求結(jié)合設(shè)計要求，滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車的動力元件為腳踏式液壓泵，執(zhí)行元件為單作用液壓缸，其中腳踏式液壓泵自帶油箱和卸荷閥，其內(nèi)部已有一部分液壓回路，原理如下：1，當(dāng)要使工作平臺上升時，換向閥 7 左位接通，腳踩液壓泵 3，1 中油液進(jìn)入液壓缸下端，從而將液壓缸活塞頂出，平臺上升。2，當(dāng)要使工作平臺下降時，換向閥 7 右位接通，液壓缸 6 中的油液因重物產(chǎn)生的壓力而被壓出，經(jīng)由換向閥和節(jié)流閥流回油箱，節(jié)流閥 8 則控制油液的流速，從而使升降臺能緩慢卸載。5.2.2 液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖綜上所述，只需用油管將液壓泵出油口連接至液壓缸的進(jìn)油口即可組一完整的液壓回路，其液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖如圖 5-1 所示，圖 5-11-油箱 ，2單向閥 ，3手動液壓泵 ，4單向閥 ，5溢流閥 ，6液壓缸，7手動換向閥 ，8節(jié)流閥 其中 1、2、3、4、5、7、8 都集中在液壓泵中6 液壓缸、液壓泵的選型6.1 液壓缸基本尺寸計算從圖 3-4 中根據(jù)幾何關(guān)系可得液壓缸的瞬時尺寸（即鉸接點 DC 之間的距離）為 22()()cos2SrLRr液壓缸兩鉸接點之間的最大距離和最小距離分別為 max22max inin cos)()(Lrr根據(jù)實際設(shè)計情況，并結(jié)合圖 3-2 及相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，有Smin= )cos(212p= 306)12cs(23451345Smax= )cs(2m= m475)9cos(1即液壓缸的最大安裝尺寸為 Smax=475mm最小安裝尺寸為 Smin=306mm設(shè)液壓缸的有效行程為s，為了使液壓缸兩鉸接點之間的距離為最小值時，柱塞不抵到液壓缸缸底，并考慮液壓缸結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸K 1和K 2(圖3)，一般應(yīng)取SminKl+K2+S 同樣，為了使液壓缸兩鉸接點之間的距離為最大值時，柱塞不會脫離液壓缸中的導(dǎo)向套，一般應(yīng)取SmaxKl+K2+2S 式中的 K1和 K2 根據(jù)液壓缸的具體結(jié)構(gòu)決定，圖 6-1 液壓缸相關(guān)尺寸圖6.2 液壓缸具體選型由以上計算得出：滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車平臺處于最低高度，即= 時，液壓缸受力最大， ，此時液壓缸所受的力是 = 26826 N。選擇缸12 maxT徑為 的液壓缸，其所能提供的最大推力為 = 31420 N，由于已計算出液m50 g壓缸的最大安裝尺寸為 Smax=475mm，最小安裝尺寸為 Smin=306mm，則其行程為S=Smax-Smin=169mm，則可選擇液壓缸的行程S=180mm。6.3 液壓泵設(shè)計計算及選型由于液壓缸承受的最大壓力為 26826 N, 所以腳踏式液壓泵至少要提供26826 N 的力，根據(jù)以上要求初步選擇腳踏油壓泵 F-1000 型，其外形尺寸為Lbh=530160200mm。其輸出壓力位 700kgf/cm 2，儲油量為 1 升，重量為 12kg;此外液壓泵配P有 1m 高壓油管/接頭。以下對該種型號的液壓泵進(jìn)行校核：根據(jù)前述內(nèi)容，已選用缸徑為 的液壓缸，且液壓缸承受最大壓mdg50力為 = 26826 N，則液壓缸內(nèi)部活塞所受最大壓強(qiáng)為maxT= = = = 13.662 MpaaxP而 1kgf/cm2 = 98 Kpa ，則= 13.662 Mpa = = 139.41 kgf/cm2maxP很明顯有 即液壓泵所能產(chǎn)生的壓強(qiáng)大于液壓缸能承受的最大maxP壓強(qiáng)，故 F-1000 型號的腳踏油壓泵滿足設(shè)計要求。此外液壓泵具有如下的性能要求：4/maxgdT2310568981062.33gaS1，操作該液壓泵是一種解放雙手且省力的腳踏工作；2，外置控制閥易于控制卸載時，能使升降臺安全緩慢下降；3，適用于沒有電源和壓縮空氣的現(xiàn)場作業(yè)。6.4 油量的校核由上得液壓缸需滿足的行程為180mm，而液壓缸直徑為50mm，則當(dāng)升降臺達(dá)最高位置時液壓缸內(nèi)儲油儲油 =18010 = 0.353 L。1V此外，此時油管中也儲存有一定的油量，而液壓缸所配油管為 1m，內(nèi)徑為20mm，則油管儲油量為 =10 = 0.314 L。2則液壓缸所需出油量至少應(yīng)為 = + =0.353+0.314 = 0.667L ，小于12液壓缸而儲油量 1L，故液壓缸儲油量足夠，滿足要求。 )0(42)105(47 腳輪 滾輪的選用 7.1 選用要求根據(jù)設(shè)計任務(wù)要求，本滾輪式腳踏式液壓升降平臺車的額定載重為500kg，此外已規(guī)定升降平臺車本身的重量應(yīng) 130kg，又由于腳踩腳踏式液壓泵的力很小，幾乎可忽略不計，故地面所受重力最大可估計為 630kg，即每滾輪最少負(fù)重 157.5kg，又因為本升降臺在工廠、超市等場所使用，因此對噪音有一定的要求，為此本升降臺的腳輪選擇材料為超級橡膠的腳輪，其中兩個為萬向輪，兩個為定向輪。7.2 腳輪實際選型如下圖 7-1 所示，本升降臺選擇型號為 SM-B 重型輪組， ，其輪徑為D=150mm，輪寬為 W=50mm，安裝高度為 =193mm，每個輪的載重為 250kg，自1H重為 2.06kg； 底板尺寸為 114102mm，安裝孔距為 8471mm，孔徑 =11mm。另外，萬向腳zd輪上附帶有剎車，可使升降臺能夠在與水平面成一定角度的斜坡上工作而不至于滑動。圖 7-17.3 滾輪的選用 滾輪的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖 7-2 所示圖 7-28 各構(gòu)件參數(shù)設(shè)計8.1 內(nèi)、外鉸架材料及設(shè)計尺寸選擇內(nèi)外鉸架主要用于支撐升降臺面，是該液壓升降臺的重要組成構(gòu)件，因此其使用材料的性能至關(guān)重要，選擇型號為 Q235 的普通碳素鋼，初選實心處截面基本尺寸為 3060mm，長度已確定約為 870mm。1hb8.2 滾道材料及設(shè)計尺寸選擇根據(jù)滾道的工作情況，并且考慮到滾輪的直徑，選擇熱軋普通槽鋼，型號為 5，基本尺寸為 h =50mm、b =37mm、d =4.5mm、t =7.0mm、r =7.0mm、r1 =3.5mm，如下圖 8-1 所示。圖 8-1圖中：h 高度 b 腿寬 d 腰厚t 平均腿厚 r 內(nèi)圓弧半徑 r1 腿端圓弧半徑8.3 升降工作臺材料及設(shè)計尺寸選擇 工作臺的，對于翻轉(zhuǎn)工作臺骨架，基本尺寸為 LB=1010520，翻轉(zhuǎn)平臺面則用熱軋普通鋼板，公稱厚度為 5mm。8.4 底座材料及設(shè)計尺寸選擇底座主要用于支撐作用，選用熱軋不等邊角鋼，型號為 12.5/8，其基本尺寸為 B =125mm、b =80mm 、d =7mm、r =11mm，如下圖 8-2 所示。圖 8-2圖中：B 長邊寬度 b 短邊寬度 d 邊厚 r1 邊端內(nèi)弧半徑 r 內(nèi)圓弧半徑9 應(yīng)力計算及強(qiáng)度校核9.1 內(nèi)、外鉸架力的分解首先外鉸架 L1 和內(nèi)較架 L2 受的力分解成沿鉸架方向（稱方向 1）的力和垂直于該方向的方向（稱方向 2）上的力sinFcoFx1yci2）（ 11）（2sinsinFy學(xué)士學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明本人聲明，所呈交的論文是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨立完成的研究成果。除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含法律意義上已屬于他人的任何形式的研究成果,也不包含本人已用于其他學(xué)位申請的論文或成果。對本文的研究作出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式表明。本人完全意識到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔(dān)。作者簽名： 日期：學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院可以將本論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。作者簽名： 日期：導(dǎo)師簽名： 日期：附錄附錄 1英文原文Combine tool machine a slippery pedestal the research of the dynamic state characteristic【Summary】this text make use of power key to match diagram and appearance space analyticalthe method hurtle and exercise a steady sex problem to carry on analysis and study towards combining tool machine slip pedestal of ex-ly, the liquid which builds up a slippery pedestalpresses to drive system a from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon dynamic statemathematics model of system.Pass a calculator numeral to imitate really, hurtle and exercise notsteady reason and main impact factor before analyzing a slippery pedestal a creation.From in get, if reasonably design a liquid to press an urn with from adjust to carry on the back to press toadjust structure size of press the valve, can make the dynamic state characteristic of slipperypedestal shown a Zhao improvement.One, prefaceCombine a tool machine work in, the varieties which slip a size of sport speed and direction andthe load bear all influence degree differently it work function.Especially in the work enter theprocess.Slippery the on the stage load of suddenly disappear causable of ex- hurtle and load ofthe period variety cause of the sport gravamen be steady, all is processed the surface quality ofpiece the influence, severity hour will cause the knife break.Request according to tool machinefactory in Dalian, the author adopts power key to match diagram and the analytical method establishment of the appearance space to combine the new liquid that the tool machine slips apedestal to press to drive system a from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon dynamic state mathematics model of system.Pass a calculator numeral to imitate really and study.Analytical slippery the pedestal produce ago hurtle and exercise not steady reason and main impact factor, in order to improvement slippery the dynamic state characteristic of pedestal.Two, dynamic state mathematics modelThe liquid which combines tool machine to slip a pedestal presses to drive system a from adjustto carry on the back to press to adjust soon the work principle diagram of system,such as diagram I, to show.That system is the work circulation which uses to complete the work enter a stop a back quickly.When slippery pedestal work enter, 34 change to be placed in diagram to show a right toward the valve, the oil pump of provide hydraulic-pneumatic dint under thefunction which over flows valve look like ground to keep Heng settle, the oils liquid flows through to change toward the valve and adjust soon valve juniors into the oil urn of have no a pole chamber, push slippery the set be left shift;In the meantime, oil urn the pressure oil that if there is pole chamber, eject through from adjust to carry on the back to press valve and change to flow to return to fuel tank toward the valve.In this process, two one-way valves with overflowed to flow valve and always dont change original work appearance.Object that system so of complications not line system, for the sake of easy to study its dynamic state characteristic, build up a reasonable simple dynamic state mathematics model which only emphasizes to consider main impact factor is particularly important12.Know from the theories the analysis with experiment the research:That system of process time be soon that the process which is far larger than to adjust valve is soonhorary, oil urn have no the pole chamber effectively accepts to press area very greatly, adjust soon valve export discharge of super adjust a reflection in a moment is slippery pedestal sport speed of the variety be pimping2.For openning widely and going deep into dynamic state characteristic of study the system, make research work can on the microcomputer availably carry on, this text to original model2 do further simplification, on thesupposition that adjust soon the valve outputs in the whole transition process of system Hengsettle of discharge, treat it as to flow a source.So, the structure sketch plan of the dynamic state model of system such as figure 2 show, it from oil urn, slippery set, carry on the back to press valve and unite connectors roads etc. to constitute from the Diao.This text in use of sign asfollows:S 1-flow a source, then adjust soon valve export discharge; Sel-the slippery set glide frictionSel-the slippery set glide frictionC5, C6-the etc. effect liquid of tube road permit:R5, R7-take care of an etc. of road effect liquid Zu;V3, the V4-oil urn has no pole chamber and has a pole chamber the contents to accumulate;P3, the pressure which have no pole chamber and have a pole chamber of the P4-oil urnF-the slippery set bear a load,V-slip a pedestal sport speed.The this literary grace hard working rate key matches diagram and appearance space to fold a method establishment sport mathematics model of the system for cent.Power keys matching diagram is an effect to flow diagram, it is the energy which presses system to deliver a way, take actual structure as foundation, the function which uses concentration parameter the of sub- system relates to an abstract earths surface to show for the Zu a dollar Rand permits sex dollar C and sensitive faculty dollar I of three kinds of function dollar.Adopt thiskind of method sets up a mold physical concept clear, combine the appearance space analysis method can compare to accurately describe with analysis line system, that method is in the hour the area study complications the line system dynamic state characteristic not of a kind of valid of method.According to from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon the main characteristic ofeach component of system and set up mold rule1, get figure 3 show of the power key of system match diagram.Each half arrowhead on the key in diagram means that the power fly to, 2 which constitute power change the quantity be a dint to change to measure(hydraulic-pneumatic P or function dint F) and flow to change to measure(discharge q or speed v).O crunode means in the system to belong to merge a conjunction, each dint of key changes to measure equality but flows to change to measure it with is zero;1 crunodes mean in the system to belong to establish a conjunction, each key is upper-class to change to measure equality but dint to change to measure it with is zero.TF means a different energy form the transformation machine of, the TF bottom mark of the letter of alphabet mean that the dint changes to measure or flows to change to measure of conversion specific value.The short and horizontal Gang of key means that key ascend two change the cause and effect between quantities relate to.The whole arrowheadses mean a control relation.Permit the dint of sex dollar and sensitive faculty dollar to change to measure in three kinds of function dollar and flow to change to measure it have integral calculus or differential calculus relation, therefore, according to figure 3 can deduce to submit to havenine complications that the appearances change to measure not the line appearance square distance.This text to slippery pedestal the research of the dynamic state characteristic from slippery pedestal of ex- hurtle and exercise steady sex both side to commence, use four ranks certainly tread long Runge-Kutta method at IBM-PC microcomputer up carry on numeral to imitate really, imitate a true result to distinguish such as figure 4 with figure 5 show. Three, slip to hurtle before the pedestal Slippery before the pedestal hurtle phenomenon is what function at slip the load of on the stage suddenly disappeared( if drilled to deeply work circumstance) cause.In this process, the variety which slips two chamber pressure P3s and P4 of the load F, sport speed V, oil urn of pedestal can from the figure 4 imitate true result see.When the slippery pedestal evenly and soon exercises under the function of the load, the oil urn has no pole chamber oil liquid pressure higher.It came together a great deal of energy in the oil liquid.While loading to suddenly disappear, that chamber is hydraulic-pneumatic to immediately and quickly lower, the oil liquid turns into the process of low-pressure Tai toward system to release a lot of energies from the high pressure Tai and cause slippery pedestal the high speed pounds at forward.However, slip a pedestal of ex- hurtle to make an oil urn to have a pole chamber the oil liquid is press to cause to carry on the back to press to go up, thus the depletion drop one part of energies in the system, to slippery pedestal of front blunt certainly repress a function.Should see, in the system study, from adjust to carry on the back entrance pressure of press the valve and be subjected to an oil urn two chambers hydraulic-pneumatic comprehensive function.BE load a disappeared moment, from adjust to carry on the back the pressure of press the valve quickly rises, and stabilize the number which starts to carry on the back to press at the beginning in the Gao up.From the diagram it is thus clear that, from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon the system is in a twinkling load to disappear oil urn carry the range that the pressure go up on oil urns back big in traditionally adjust soon system, so, its oil urn energy which have the oil liquid in the pole chamber absorption many;Result, slip a pedestal of ex- blunt the quantity adjusts system to soon want than the tradition small be close to 20%.It is thus clear that adoption from adjust to carry on the back a Chuang to adjust soon system conduct and actions to drive the slippery pedestal of system to have good characteristic in the aspects of hurtling before repress, among them from adjust to carry on the back to press valve to have very your work to use. Four, slip the exercise of pedestal steady While regarding as a load period of used for the slippery on the stage variety(if the Xian pares to process a circumstance), the sport speed which slips a pedestal wants to produce certain。motion.In order to process the request of quality at assurance, have to possibly let up its speed motion scope.Set out from the convenience discussed a problem, suppose a load by the sine wave regulation variety, get thus of numeral imitate a true result such as figure 5 show.Be showed from this that system and traditionally adjust soon system to have same variety regulation with very close of number.The reason is that the variety range of load isnt big, oil urn two chamber pressures also more and greatly didnt change, end cause from adjust to carry on the back a function of press the valve not enough obvious.Five, improve measureStudy result enunciation, with from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon system for drive the slippery set of system, its dynamic state characteristic surpasses to traditionally adjustsoon system.Want to reduce the ex- blunt quantity of slippery pedestal, must be load the disappeared moment quickly raises an oil urn have a pole chamber of carry on the back pressure;Want to raise the exercise of slippery pedestal steady to need to increase system of rigid, the main measure lies in the physical volume which lets up an oil liquid.Know from the structure of the system, the oil urn has a pole chamber to have with the row pipeline one very big capacity and show such as the figure 6 as.It of the existence delay with Shuai reduce from adjust to carry on the back a function of press the valve, also lowered system on the other hand of rigid, it limitted to hurtle characteristic and exercise the further improvement of steady ago.Therefore, the improvement slippery pedestal dynamic state characteristic can carry on from two paths:Namely change an oil urn capacity and change from adjust to carry on the back to pressvalve structure size.The comparison passed one true calculation and result of the imitate of parameter of the system structure can get:When oil urn have pole chamber and row pipeline thecapacity V4 together has no pole chamber with enter pipeline the capacity V3 of ratio from original of 5.5 change to 1, such as the figure 6 bs show, in the meantime, from adjust to carry on the back to press the valve valve Xin bottom to carry diameter is increase by the original 10 mms for the 13 mms, damping triangle slot side long let up a 0.7 mms from the original lmm, canmake slippery pedestal of ex- hurtle quantity to let up 30%, transfer the process obviouslyshortens for time and slip the exercise of pedestal steady to get to very greatly improve.Six, conclusionImitate a true research through theories analysis and calculator, from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon system Be combine a drive of the tool machine slippery pedestal system to have much of expansion use value.The main factor which influences a slippery pedestal dynamic state characteristic is oil urn internal structure with from adjust to carry on the back topress valve of size.If as to its carry on a reasonable design, the dynamic state characteristic canmake to slip a pedestal is shown Zhao ground an improvement.Also explained adoption power in make to slip a pedestal is shown Zhao ground an improvement.Also explained adoption power incomplications not line is convenience valid of.In 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born in the world, thisindicated the humanity created has been possible to strengthen and partially toreplace the mental labor the tool. It with the humanity these which in the agriculture, the industry society created only is strengthens the physical labor the tool to compare, got up the quantitive leap, entered the information society for the humanity to lay the foundation.After 6 years, in 1952, computer technology applied to the engine bed , the first numerical control engine bed were born in US. From this time on, thetraditional enginebed hashad the archery target change. Since nearly half century, the numerical control system has experienced two stages and six generation of development.The early computer operating speed is low, was not big to then science computation and the data processing influence, but could not adapt the engine bed real-time control request. The people can not but use numeral logic circuit to build to become an engine bed special purpose computer to take the numerical control system, is called the hardware connection numerical control (HARD-WIREDNC), Jian Chengwei numerical control (NC). Along with the primary devicedevelopment, this stage has had been through repeatedly three generations, namely 1952first generation of - electron tube; 1959second generation of - transistor; 1965 third generation - small scale integration electric circuit. In 1970, the general minicomputer already appeared and the mass production. Thereupon transplants it takes the numerical control system the core part, from this time on entered the computer numerical control (CNC)the stage (which shouldhave computer in front of the general two characters to abbreviate). In 1971, American INTEL Corporation in the world first time the computer two most cores part - logic units and the controller, used the large scale integrated circuit technology integration on together the chip, called it the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR),alsomightbe called the centralprocessing element (tobe calledCPU).The microprocessor is applied to 1974 in the numerical control system. This is because minicomputer function too strong, controlled an engine bed ability to have wealthily (therefore once uses in controlling the multi- Taiwan engine bed at that time, called it group control), was inferior to used the microprocessor economy to be reasonable. Moreover then small machine reliability was not ideal. The early microprocessor speed and the function although insufficiently are alsohigh, but may solve through the multi-processor structure. Because the microprocessor is the general-purpose calculator core part, therefore still was called the computer numerical control.In 1990, PC machine (personal computer, domestic custom had called microcomputer) the performance has developed to the very high stage, may satisfiedly take the numerical control system core part the request. The numerical control system henceforth entered based on the PC stage.In brief, the computer numerical control stage has also experienced three generations. Namely 1970fourth generation of - minicomputer; 1974five dynasties- microprocessor and 1990sixth generation - (overseaswascalledPC-BASED) based on PC.onto this path. Uses PC machine to take at least its front end machine, processes the man-machine contact surface, the programming, the association.Question and so on net correspondence, undertakes the numerical control duty by the original system. PC machine has the friendly man-machine contact surface, will popularize to all numerical controls system. The long-distancecommunication, the long-distance diagnosis and the service will be more common.Along with the artificial intelligence in the computer domain unceasing seepage and the development, the numerical control system intellectualized degree unceasingly will enhance.applies the adaptive control technologyThe numerical controlsystem can examine in theprocess some important information, and the automatic control system related parameter, achieves the improvement system running status the goal.introduces the expert system instruction processingThe skilled worker and experts experience, the processing general rule and the special rule store in the system, take the craft parameter database as the strut, the establishment has the artificial intelligence the expert system.introduces the breakdown to diagnose the expert systemintellectualized numeral servo driveMay through the automatic diagnosis load, but the automatic control parameter, causes the actuation system to obtain the best movement. Second, engine bed numerical control transformation necessityFrom on microscopic looked below that, the numerical control engine bed has the prominent superiority compared to the traditional engine bed, moreover these superiority come from the computer might which the numerical control system contains. may process the traditional engine bed cannot process the curve, the curvedsurface and so on the complex components.Because the computer has the excellent operation ability, may the instant accurately calculate each coordinate axis instant to be supposed the movement physiological load of exercise, therefore may turn round the synthesis complex curve or the curved surface.may realize the processing automation, moreover is the flexible automation, thus the efficiency may enhance 3 7 times compared to the traditional engine bed.Because the computer has the memory and the memory property, may the procedure which inputs remember and save, then the order which stipulated according to the procedure automatic carries out, thus realization automation. The numerical control engine bed so long as replaces a procedure, may realize another work piece processing automation, thus causes the single unit and the small batch of production can automate, therefore is called has realized flexible automation.From on macroscopic looked that, the industry developed country armed forces, the airplane weapon industry, in the end of the 70s, at the beginning of the 80s started the large-scale application numerical control engine bed. Its essence is, uses the information technology to the traditional industry (includingthe armed forces, airplane weapon industry) carries on the technological transformations. Except that uses outside the numerical control engine bed, FMC, FMS in themanufacture process, but also includes in the product development carries out CAD, CAE, CAM, the hypothesized manufacture aswell as carries out MIS in the production management (management information system), CIMS and so on. As well as increases the information techno