波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)【說明書+CAD】
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編 號(hào) 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) ( 論 文 ) 題目: 波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 信 機(jī) 系 機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動(dòng) 化 專 業(yè) 學(xué) 號(hào): 0923074 學(xué)生姓名: 王蛟龍 指導(dǎo)教師: 林承德 (職稱:教授 ) (職稱: ) 2013 年 5 月 25 日 無錫太湖學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 誠 信 承 諾 書 本人鄭重聲明:所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 波紋管成型 機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的成 果,其內(nèi)容除了在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)中特別加以標(biāo)注引用,表 示致謝的內(nèi)容外,本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)不包含任何其他個(gè)人、 集體已發(fā)表或撰寫的成果作品。 班 級(jí): 機(jī)械 92 學(xué) 號(hào): 0923074 作者姓名: 2013 年 5 月 25 日 I 無 錫 太 湖 學(xué) 院 信 機(jī) 系 機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動(dòng) 化 專 業(yè) 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 論 文 任 務(wù) 書 一、題目及專題: 1題目 波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 、專題 二、課題來源及選題依據(jù) 本課題是對(duì)現(xiàn)有設(shè)備進(jìn)行測(cè)繪,并在改進(jìn)的基礎(chǔ)上制造完成,以滿足實(shí) 際生產(chǎn)的要求。學(xué)生在設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)現(xiàn)有液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析,須重新設(shè)計(jì)整機(jī);液壓 原理。因設(shè)備已投入生產(chǎn),故學(xué)生在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,可掌握較強(qiáng)的實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn), 完成從設(shè)計(jì)到實(shí)際生產(chǎn)及運(yùn)行調(diào)試的整個(gè)過程,很好的掌握機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)。 能熟悉如何從圖紙到實(shí)際工作完成的整個(gè)過程,并經(jīng)實(shí)際的動(dòng)手完成真正能正 常工作的設(shè)備。 三、本設(shè)計(jì)(論文或其他)應(yīng)達(dá)到的要求: 1達(dá)到技術(shù)指標(biāo)所規(guī)定要求,滿足實(shí)際工作需要。 2主機(jī)部件工作時(shí)定位準(zhǔn)確,啟停無沖擊。 3. 制品的模具三維圖及工作圖。實(shí)習(xí)地點(diǎn):無錫。 主要技術(shù)指標(biāo): 1. 最高合模力 100 噸 2. 油箱容積 500 L 3. 最大周期 10 S 工作量要求: 1總裝圖:液壓站裝配圖。 主要部裝圖:閥站裝配圖;液壓缸裝配圖; 模具總裝圖。 重要零件圖:液壓站集成塊零件圖。 2液壓原理圖;電氣原理圖。 3完整的設(shè)計(jì)說明書(選型;強(qiáng)度;液壓;電器。 ) 。 4油缸的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分析;;液壓站集成塊三維圖;液壓站三維總裝圖;閥站三 維總裝圖;模具三維裝配圖。 II 5必要的技術(shù)資料翻譯(8000 字符) 。 四、接受任務(wù)學(xué)生: 機(jī)械 92 班 姓名 王蛟龍 五、開始及完成日期: 自 2012 年 11 月 7 日 至 2013 年 5 月 25 日 六、設(shè)計(jì)(論文)指導(dǎo)(或顧問): 指導(dǎo)教師 簽名 簽名 簽名 教 研 室 主 任 學(xué)科組組長研究所 所長 簽名 系主任 簽名 2012 年 11 月 7 日 III 摘 要 波紋成型機(jī)是生產(chǎn)波紋管的核心設(shè)備,生產(chǎn)出的波紋管已經(jīng)廣泛用于各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域, 它是集機(jī)電液為一體的現(xiàn)代化高技術(shù)設(shè)備。 本文針對(duì)生產(chǎn)的要求,提出了設(shè)計(jì)題目。并對(duì)該機(jī)的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)和控制系 統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了全面設(shè)計(jì)。 在機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中,首先分析了波紋管成型的工作過程,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了模具 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、主壓油缸設(shè)計(jì)、油推水油缸設(shè)計(jì)、各種液壓站元件的設(shè)計(jì)。 液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中,根據(jù)波紋管成型的工作過程,進(jìn)行了液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖的設(shè)計(jì),確 定了液壓系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行元件。計(jì)算了整個(gè)液壓系統(tǒng)的流量,并根據(jù)流量和壓力進(jìn)行了液壓 閥的選型、油箱的設(shè)計(jì)和各個(gè)輔助元件的選擇,計(jì)算了各個(gè)系統(tǒng)的功率,據(jù)此選擇了電 動(dòng)機(jī)的型號(hào),最后繪制了液壓泵站的裝配圖。 由于傳統(tǒng)波紋管成型機(jī)采用繼電器和接觸器等元件作為系統(tǒng)的控制元件,存在可靠 性、靈活性差等缺點(diǎn)。文中通過實(shí)例說明利用 PLC 對(duì)其進(jìn)行改造。 電氣控制系統(tǒng)采用可編程控制器 PLC 作為整臺(tái)機(jī)器的控制器,并對(duì) PLC 的工作過程 進(jìn)行了介紹,對(duì) PLC 相關(guān)原件進(jìn)行了選型,同時(shí)繪制了 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的輸入、輸出接線 圖,即控制系統(tǒng)電氣原理圖,并采用了梯形圖編程,實(shí)現(xiàn)了整機(jī)的自動(dòng)化。本設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng) 應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn),取得了良好的效果。 關(guān)鍵詞:波紋管成型機(jī);液壓系統(tǒng); PLC IV Abstract Bellows machine is the core of bellows production equipment to produce the bellows which have been widely used in various industrial fields. It is a modernized technical equipment which centralizes the machinery, hydraulic and electric system. Aiming at the requirement of production, the author puts forward the topic and devises the mechanical system, hydraulic system and controlling system thoroughly. In the mechanical structure design, firstly the working process of the Bellows machine was analyzed , and on this basis, a die structure design, the main fuel tank design, oil pushing water fuel tanks and various components of the hydraulic station were designed. In the process of the device of hydraulic system, according to the working process of slewing telescopic gangway, the principle plot of hydraulic system was devised; furthermore, the performing elements were designed. At the same time, the author computed the flux of the whole system. And then, based on the flux and the pressure, the author accomplished the choices of valves, the design of gasoline tank and the choices of assistant components. And then, the author computed the power of the whole system and chose the model of electromotor. At last, the component plot of hydraulic station was drawn. The traditional Bellows machine using relays and contactor as controlling elements shows some disadvantages, such as low reliability and flexibility. This paper discusses the improved design based on PLC. The controlling system adopts the PLC as the controller of the entire machine. It introduce the working process of PLC, chose the model of the PLC and related elements. At the same time, the author drew the input and output circuit of the controlling system, namely the electric principle plot. The machine realized the automation of producing process by making use of the trapezium shape to programme. The design has already been applied to practice, and has gained a very good effect. Key Words: Slewing telescopic gangway;hydraulic system; PLC V 目 錄 摘 要 .III ABSTRACT .IV 目 錄 .V 1 緒論 .1 1.1 概況和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) .1 1.1.1 無錫南方液壓氣動(dòng)成套有限公司簡(jiǎn)介 .1 1.1.2 國內(nèi)波紋管的概況和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) .1 1.1.3 波紋管成型機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 .3 1.2 課題的提出與意義 .4 1.3 課題的主要內(nèi)容 .4 2 總體方案的確定 .6 2.1 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) .6 2.2 確定模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案 .6 2.3 確定液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 .6 2.4 確定控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 .6 3 模具結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) .8 3.1 概述 .8 3.2 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) .8 3.3 設(shè)計(jì)范圍及其設(shè)計(jì)方案 .8 3.3.1 模具的工藝分析 .8 3.3.2 模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .9 3.3.3 模具環(huán)剛度的計(jì)算 .11 3.3.4 模具的加工 .12 4 液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)及其校核 .13 4.1 液壓系統(tǒng)的組成 .13 4.1.1 能源裝置 .13 4.1.2 執(zhí)行元件 .13 4.1.3 調(diào)節(jié)控制元件 .13 4.1.4 輔助元件 .13 4.2 液壓系統(tǒng)的主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) .13 4.2.1 液壓傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) .13 4.2.2 液壓傳動(dòng)的缺點(diǎn) .13 4.3 液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) .14 4.3.1 概述及液壓系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) .14 4.3.2 液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖的擬定 .16 4.3.3 主壓油缸的設(shè)計(jì) .16 4.3.4 油推水油缸的設(shè)計(jì) .20 VI 4.3.5 液壓能源裝置設(shè)計(jì) .24 4.3.6 液壓閥的選擇 .24 4.3.7 液壓輔助元件的設(shè)計(jì)與選擇: .27 4.3.8 液壓系統(tǒng)元件清單 .30 4.3.9 液壓管路的聯(lián)接 .32 4.3.10 安裝后的調(diào)試 .32 5 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) .34 5.1 PLC 與繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的比較 .34 5.2 PLC 與微型計(jì)算機(jī)的比較 .34 5.3 PLC 可靠性高的原因 .34 5.4 PLC 的安裝與抗干擾措施 .35 5.4.1 安裝環(huán)境和注意事項(xiàng) .35 5.4.2 電源和接地 .35 5.5 PLC 系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試和運(yùn)行 .36 5.5.1 通電前的檢查 .36 5.5.2 調(diào)試運(yùn)行主要過程 .36 5.6 PLC 系統(tǒng)的維護(hù) .36 5.7 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) .37 5.7.1 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 .37 5.7.2 控制電路元?dú)饧倪x用及電路圖的繪制 .37 5.7.3 PLC 的編程 .37 6 UG 有限元分析方法 .39 6.1 有限元分析方法簡(jiǎn)介 .39 6.2 進(jìn)行有限元分析的目的和意義 .39 7 UG 動(dòng)力學(xué)分析 .40 7.1 UG 運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真模塊簡(jiǎn)介 .40 7.2 如何創(chuàng)建運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真 .40 7.3 波紋管成型機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真 .40 8 結(jié)論與展望 .42 8.1 結(jié)論 .42 8.2 展望 .42 致謝 .43 參考文獻(xiàn) .44 附錄 .45 波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 1 1 緒論 1.1 概況和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1.1.1 無錫南方液壓氣動(dòng)成套有限公司簡(jiǎn)介 無錫南方液壓氣動(dòng)成套有限公司座落于無錫高新技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)、公司占地面積 13000 平方米、生產(chǎn)車間約 9200 平方米、擁有員工 180 人、專業(yè)技術(shù)工人占 80%、各類大型、 成型、加工設(shè)備 100 多套、其中部分設(shè)備屬國內(nèi)先進(jìn)水平。專業(yè)生產(chǎn)各種國標(biāo)和非標(biāo)管 接頭、高壓膠管總成、各種液壓油缸、液壓系統(tǒng)的骨干企業(yè)。產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷美國、丹麥、意 大利、日本等國家。本公司產(chǎn)品可適用于冶金、船舶、機(jī)床、工程機(jī)械、輕工、立體車 庫等行業(yè)、年銷售額達(dá) 5000 萬元。公司于 2001 年通過 ISO9001-2000 質(zhì)量體系認(rèn)證。并 擁有多項(xiàng)自主專利產(chǎn)品、公司連續(xù)多年被評(píng)為市重合同守信譽(yù)企業(yè)、在廣大用戶中有很 好的評(píng)價(jià)。 公司技術(shù)力量雄厚、擁有一批高級(jí)工程師、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)工程師、是江南大學(xué)學(xué)生的實(shí) 習(xí)基地。并廣泛應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)。 本公司有十多年專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)、開發(fā)、液壓系統(tǒng)(液壓站) 、液壓缸、管接頭、高壓管等 產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)能力及豐富的制造生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。年生產(chǎn)能力:液壓系統(tǒng) 1000 套、液壓缸 20000 件、高壓膠管總成 100000 根、管接頭 2000000 件。 產(chǎn)品出口日本 NOK、哈薩克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦等國家。并為英格索蘭提供全球配 套等等。為武漢重型機(jī)床廠、鄭州大方橋梁公司、江蘇華通機(jī)械有限公司、鎮(zhèn)江礦山機(jī) 械廠、西安電爐研究所、南京金城集團(tuán)、江漢石油管理局第四機(jī)械廠、上海天地島川停 車設(shè)備制造有限公司、中聯(lián)重科浦沅分公司、中國船舶總公司第七零二研究所(為 863 計(jì)劃配套 7000 米水下機(jī)器人的液壓裝置)等用戶提供國內(nèi)配套服務(wù)。 公司本著“質(zhì)量第一、用戶至上” 的宗旨、熱誠為廣大用戶服務(wù)!攜手共創(chuàng)美好明天、 共展宏圖! 1.1.2 國內(nèi)波紋管的概況和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 近些年來,波紋管市場(chǎng)發(fā)展迅速,產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)出在全國各地持續(xù)擴(kuò)張,國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策鼓 勵(lì)波紋管產(chǎn)業(yè)向高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品方向發(fā)展,國內(nèi)企業(yè)新增投資項(xiàng)目投資逐漸增多。投資者對(duì) 波紋管行業(yè)的關(guān)注越來越密切,這使得波紋管行業(yè)的發(fā)展需求增大。波紋管作為一種儀 表元件雖然已有了上百年的歷史,但由于它具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低廉、性能穩(wěn)定、使用可 靠等特點(diǎn),在今天儀器儀表中仍占有重要的地位,而且它的應(yīng)用范圍已擴(kuò)大到各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。 隨著企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,裝置中泵類設(shè)備的不斷更新?lián)Q代及新技術(shù)、新材料的不 斷應(yīng)用,我們感到在多種泵類機(jī)械密封的選擇中,波紋管機(jī)械密封在化工裝置中越來越 顯示出它的優(yōu)良性能。 在機(jī)械密封技術(shù)上,波紋管有著突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。表現(xiàn)為: A 結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,安裝方便,適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),靜止環(huán)具有浮動(dòng)性; B 浮環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),消除鑲裝環(huán)的各種應(yīng)力; C 旋轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)易于更換,修復(fù); D 結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,適用于螺桿泵軸向較小的場(chǎng)合; 無錫太湖學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 2 E 旋轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)、靜止環(huán)法蘭連接,動(dòng)泄漏點(diǎn)少。 該技術(shù)特點(diǎn)是: A 密封可靠,在較長時(shí)間使用中不會(huì)泄漏; B 使用壽命長,靜環(huán)和動(dòng)環(huán)高耐磨材料比旋轉(zhuǎn)式密封多用半年; C 摩擦功率損失??; D 適用范圍廣,能用于低溫、高溫、高壓、各種轉(zhuǎn)速及各種耐腐蝕、易燃、易爆、 有毒介質(zhì)的密封; E 彈簧強(qiáng)度大,抗震能力強(qiáng),穩(wěn)定性好。 大慶油田天然氣分公司與有關(guān)單位共同研制和使用 DBM-40A-1、DBM-35B-1 等 20 多種波紋管機(jī)械密封,密封良好,壽命長。得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,并取得了顯著效果。 圖 1.1 波紋管機(jī)械密封 圖 1.2 波紋管密封截止閥 柴油機(jī)排氣系統(tǒng)溫度補(bǔ)償器的研制,應(yīng)用了新結(jié)構(gòu)、新工藝,其特點(diǎn)是精密性和可 靠性高。該產(chǎn)品的研究開發(fā),將提高國產(chǎn)波紋補(bǔ)償器的設(shè)計(jì)、工藝、裝備和檢測(cè)水平, 并能最終替代進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品。而且由于金屬波紋補(bǔ)償器具有各種優(yōu)異的性能,其應(yīng)用范圍 與日俱增,隨著先進(jìn)技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用,必將取得較大的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。除 滿足大功率高可靠柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的配套需要外,也為其他軍工配套打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 圖 1.3 汽車排氣波紋管 圖 1.4 通用型波紋管補(bǔ)償器 浙贛鐵路九標(biāo)管段共有 14 座公跨鐵立交橋,為了爭(zhēng)搶工期,全段公路跨線橋梁的施 工由現(xiàn)澆變?yōu)樘崆邦A(yù)制,由于橋梁工點(diǎn)分散,設(shè)置了 10 處橋梁預(yù)制場(chǎng)地,共預(yù)制梁 56 片。公路橋梁采用箱形梁,后張法張拉,預(yù)應(yīng)力孔道采用扁波紋管。從施工一開始,就 得趕快研究圖紙,打每一片梁都堅(jiān)持檢查施工質(zhì)量,從鋼筋數(shù)量、尺寸及波紋管的安裝 波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 3 和混凝土澆筑、預(yù)應(yīng)力張拉、壓漿、封錨等各方面都不錯(cuò)過,但在施工過程中,還是偶 爾會(huì)有波紋管孔道堵塞現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,一旦堵塞發(fā)生,只能對(duì)混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)做“開刀” 處理,然后 嵌補(bǔ),這樣的結(jié)果是,堵孔多了必然影響結(jié)構(gòu)的質(zhì)量,嚴(yán)重會(huì)造成質(zhì)量事故。在施工中 人們大多使用波紋管成孔,所以防止這種現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生就顯得十分重要了。其實(shí)堵孔現(xiàn)象 并不是不能避免的。從對(duì)造成堵孔的原因分析人手,人們采取了相應(yīng)的措施,取得了良 好的效果。 波紋管已經(jīng)應(yīng)用到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,它廣泛應(yīng)用于通信光電纜護(hù)套、建筑排水、市政排水 農(nóng)田低壓灌溉等等,雙壁波紋管在通訊電纜護(hù)套管領(lǐng)域,也基本取代了水泥管,波紋管自 引進(jìn)以來,其發(fā)展很快,應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域不斷擴(kuò)大,管材規(guī)格也從小到大不斷發(fā)展。生產(chǎn)廠家 不斷增多,設(shè)備也由全部從國外引進(jìn),到目前基本國產(chǎn)化,其所用原料也不斷增多,從 PVC 到 PE、HDPE、PP 等。近幾年來,其發(fā)展更快,生產(chǎn)量逐年增多,已成為塑料管材 領(lǐng)域的一支重要力量。 1.1.3 波紋管成型機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 波紋成型機(jī)是生產(chǎn)波紋管的核心設(shè)備,由成型模具、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng),控制系統(tǒng)三部分組 成。成型模具一般由 3040 對(duì)上下(或水平)對(duì)開的模片組成,沿一定的軌跡移動(dòng),模 具閉合成圓形管子的成型腔,模具打開,使制品脫模,模具可由水或空氣冷卻。其成型 過程為:從擠出機(jī)擠出管坯在一定的水壓下,經(jīng)過吹脹(或真空吸附) ,使內(nèi)外壁分別貼 合在成型模具和內(nèi)定徑棒上成型。波紋成型機(jī)同時(shí)具有牽引管材的作用。 波紋成型機(jī)有立式和水平式兩種,立式波紋成型機(jī)其模具上下開合,占地面積小, 結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,但模具更換較困難,特別是大口徑模具的更換。水平式波紋成型機(jī)其成型模 具水平開合,占地面積較大,但更換模具比立式方便得多,因比其應(yīng)用更廣泛。一般小 口徑管材,采用的是整體式模具,而大口徑管材考慮到其模具重量大,更換時(shí)不方便, 故一般采用托架式模具,換口徑時(shí),只需更換托架內(nèi)的芯模即可,節(jié)省了模具制造成本。 波紋成型機(jī)的關(guān)鍵就是成型模具運(yùn)行軌道的確定,需先建立模具運(yùn)行的數(shù)字模型, 然后印出其軌跡,最后按照這一軌跡組合模具。 雙壁波紋管的成型方法一般有真空成型法和壁間充氣成型法兩種,也有同時(shí)使用這 兩種方法的。真空成型法是通過成型模具上的真空孔使管坯外壁靠負(fù)壓作用吸附在成型 模具上,其內(nèi)壁靠伸出芯模的定徑棒定型。這種方法生產(chǎn)的管子的外觀質(zhì)量較好,但其 內(nèi)外徑尺寸穩(wěn)定性較差,且真空孔易堵塞,造成產(chǎn)品外壁波紋缺陷。壁間充氣成型法是 在兩層料坯中間通壓縮空氣,把管坯外壁吹脹入成型模具,同時(shí)使管內(nèi)壁貼附在內(nèi)定徑 棒上。并可根據(jù)管口徑,壁原的大小來調(diào)氣壓。應(yīng)用這種方法生產(chǎn)的管材。尺寸穩(wěn)定性 好。 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的波紋管成型機(jī),一般為水平式結(jié)構(gòu),大口徑管材也采用托架式模具。但 受其加工設(shè)備的限制,其模具的加工精度和同一性與國外同類產(chǎn)品相比還有差距,在生 產(chǎn)中機(jī)器故障較多,有時(shí)還可能造成模具運(yùn)行軌道的損壞。 近年來上海金緯機(jī)械制造有限公司開發(fā)了一系列大口徑雙壁波紋管生產(chǎn)線,其波紋 成型機(jī)采用立式結(jié)構(gòu),由于模具的加工采用了大型加工中心生產(chǎn),其同一性和精度均達(dá) 到較高的水平。同時(shí),模具采用快速冷卻系統(tǒng),可較大程度地提高生產(chǎn)速度。 無錫太湖學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 4 雖然國產(chǎn)的波紋成型機(jī)質(zhì)量不如國外進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品,但由于其價(jià)格比國外同類產(chǎn)品低很 多,且其生產(chǎn)的管材能達(dá)到要求,故近年來國內(nèi)大部分波紋管生產(chǎn)廠家還是采用國產(chǎn)生 產(chǎn)線。故國產(chǎn)設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)廠家這幾年發(fā)展較快,但還應(yīng)致力提高加工水平,開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品, 縮小與國外產(chǎn)品的差距。 最近幾年,國外研制出了模具速回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng),即利用機(jī)械或氣動(dòng)搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng),把最后一 對(duì)模片重新快速帶回開始的工作位置。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是模片數(shù)可減少,一般僅需 1218 對(duì)模 片,在生產(chǎn)大口徑管材時(shí),可極大地降低波紋成型機(jī)的生產(chǎn)成本。 圖 1.5 波紋管成型機(jī)設(shè)備 1.2 課題的提出與意義 近幾年是波紋管發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)期,它的應(yīng)用范圍已擴(kuò)大到各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。 本課題是完成波紋管成型過程的總體設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)該機(jī)的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng) 進(jìn)行了全面設(shè)計(jì)。在設(shè)計(jì)中還須設(shè)計(jì)液壓電控原理及程序,對(duì)于進(jìn)行模具、油缸等進(jìn)行 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)以及油缸中重要零件的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)并做出必要的有限元分析和運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真。本課題 使我在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,能掌握較強(qiáng)的實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),完成從設(shè)計(jì)到實(shí)際生產(chǎn)及運(yùn)行調(diào)試的 整個(gè)過程,這樣一來就能很好的掌握機(jī)電液一體化技術(shù),提高解決實(shí)際工作問題的能力, 為以后工作打下極好的基礎(chǔ)。 1.3 課題的主要內(nèi)容 本課題的主要內(nèi)容是完成波紋管成型的總體設(shè)計(jì)。最后,將它們轉(zhuǎn)化為能供指導(dǎo)制 造、裝配、安裝、調(diào)試和維修用的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙及各類說明書等技術(shù)文件??傊?,設(shè)計(jì)的主 要內(nèi)容分為機(jī)械系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)三部分。按照用戶提出的完整技術(shù)要求,寫 出液壓及電氣的技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù),并經(jīng)用戶確認(rèn)。 本設(shè)計(jì)需滿足的要求如下: A 達(dá)到技術(shù)指標(biāo)所規(guī)定的要求,滿足實(shí)際工作需要。 波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 5 B 整機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)用,加載部件需做應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分析。 C 整個(gè)機(jī)械裝置需要做運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析。 D PLC 全自動(dòng)控制,要有較高的工作可靠性、安全性。 E.工作安全,操作方便 根據(jù)技術(shù)要求,我們需要在搞清設(shè)備工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,經(jīng)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì),進(jìn)行正式圖 紙繪制。在設(shè)計(jì)中還需對(duì)現(xiàn)有的機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析,如充分利用 UG 和 LINGO 等軟件進(jìn)行有 限元應(yīng)力分析、運(yùn)動(dòng)分析和優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。且設(shè)計(jì)液壓原理圖、電氣原理圖,主機(jī)等部件。 在自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)軟件的使用編程邏輯方面用 PLC 控制。因類似設(shè)備已投入生產(chǎn),故我在設(shè) 計(jì)過程中,可獲得并掌握較強(qiáng)的實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。最終完成從設(shè)計(jì)到實(shí)際生產(chǎn)及運(yùn)行調(diào)試 的整個(gè)過程,這樣一來就能很好的掌握機(jī)電一體化技術(shù),提高了解決實(shí)際工作問題的能 力,為以后工作打下極好的基礎(chǔ)。尤其這幾個(gè)軟件的使用對(duì)以后的研究生課程有莫大的 幫助和指導(dǎo)性的方向。 在設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候,課本知識(shí)和實(shí)際生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的結(jié)合是我最想擁有的經(jīng)歷。期間充分利 用已有的資源在搞清設(shè)備工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,調(diào)研工廠實(shí)際情況包括設(shè)備的調(diào)試(主要 是液壓部分和電控部分)以及制造過程遇到的難題和解決方案,因而形成了對(duì)設(shè)備的機(jī) 械部分,液壓部分,電氣部分技術(shù)觀念和感性認(rèn)識(shí),為改進(jìn),完善設(shè)備打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。 本課題為機(jī)電液綜合設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)本科的機(jī)械工程學(xué)生而言,已經(jīng)是能夠接受和有所創(chuàng) 新地完成的項(xiàng)目了。而且整個(gè)設(shè)備制造技術(shù)路線清晰明了。最后在設(shè)計(jì)完成交付,并實(shí) 現(xiàn)功能的整個(gè)流程中,學(xué)習(xí)并收獲有限元應(yīng)力優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)及運(yùn)動(dòng)分析等先進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)方法在設(shè) 計(jì)中的作用。綜合機(jī)電液,加強(qiáng)鞏固和糅合這三方面知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),為以后的發(fā)展打好基礎(chǔ)。 課題結(jié)束后,希望能達(dá)到鍛煉設(shè)計(jì)能力,而又能熟悉如何從圖紙到設(shè)備實(shí)際工作調(diào) 試完成交付使用的整個(gè)過程,并經(jīng)實(shí)際的動(dòng)手完成真正能正常工作的設(shè)備。 無錫太湖學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 6 2 總體方案的確定 2.1 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) 本課題是對(duì)無錫市永興金屬軟管有限公司波紋管成型機(jī)上所有液壓元件進(jìn)行綜合系 統(tǒng)的設(shè)置,以滿足工廠質(zhì)量控制的要求。經(jīng)過與廠方代表的協(xié)商決定,該成型機(jī)能夠?qū)?以下液壓元件進(jìn)行檢測(cè)并完成相應(yīng)的檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目。 A 本套設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)汽車消聲器等特性設(shè)計(jì)。 B 本套設(shè)計(jì)以滿足汽車波紋管一次成型要求設(shè)計(jì)。 C 本套設(shè)備以符合相關(guān)管材的規(guī)范要求設(shè)計(jì)。 D 本套設(shè)備的制造、檢驗(yàn)、安裝、使用均以滿足設(shè)備投資少、生產(chǎn)易控制。 2.2 確定模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案 成型模具由 16 對(duì)水平對(duì)開的模塊組成,沿一定的軌跡移動(dòng),模具閉合成圓形管子的 成型腔,模具打開,使制品脫模,模具可由水或空氣冷卻。其成型過程為:從擠出機(jī)擠 出管坯在一定的水壓下,經(jīng)過吹脹,使內(nèi)外壁分別貼合在成型模具和內(nèi)定徑棒上成型。 波紋管成型機(jī)的關(guān)鍵就是成型模具運(yùn)行軌道的確定,需先建立模具運(yùn)行的數(shù)字模型,然 后印出其軌跡,最后按照這一軌跡組合模具。 2.3 確定液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 波紋管成型機(jī)的液壓系統(tǒng)屬于很典型的液壓系統(tǒng),利用成型機(jī)可以方便的使波紋管 一次性成型。 在液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案中,通過設(shè)置調(diào)壓回路、增壓回路、換向回路、進(jìn)、出節(jié)流 回路實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的目的,例如合模、分模等。高低壓油泵以及控制油泵的配合使用,使得 成型的效率大大提高。油推水油缸用水代替了油,除了減少污染,有利于環(huán)保以外,還 方便于清洗。本公司波紋管成型機(jī)生產(chǎn)出的不銹鋼波紋管主要用于汽車的消聲器。 本液壓系統(tǒng)是無錫南方液壓氣動(dòng)成套有限公司波紋管成型機(jī)裝置機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)、制造的專 用液壓傳動(dòng)設(shè)備。該系統(tǒng)精選了國內(nèi)外優(yōu)質(zhì)液壓元、附件。液壓回路采用了集成油路塊 式結(jié)構(gòu),液壓系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)先進(jìn)、合理、可靠、易于維修。符合 GB3766-87液壓系統(tǒng)通 用技術(shù)條件中的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)要求。 本液壓系統(tǒng)由于采用了開式油箱結(jié)構(gòu),所以不允許在粉塵大的惡劣環(huán)境下工作,使 用時(shí)應(yīng)注意經(jīng)常清掃液壓設(shè)備上的粉塵,以保證液壓系統(tǒng)具有良好的散熱性。 所有液壓閥控制回路均采用了集成油路塊式結(jié)構(gòu),使本系統(tǒng)具有泄漏少,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊, 便于維修的特點(diǎn)。 本液壓系統(tǒng)在工作原理上具有以下特征:具有吸油濾油器,使本系統(tǒng)工作介質(zhì)的清 潔度得到有效的保證,降低系統(tǒng)的故障率,延長系統(tǒng)各元、附件的使用壽命。 波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 7 2.4 確定控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 傳統(tǒng)的繼電器控制系統(tǒng)中使用了大量的中間繼電器、時(shí)間繼電器。由于觸點(diǎn)接觸不 良,容易出現(xiàn)故障,所以應(yīng)時(shí)代之要求,需要對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行 PLC 控制。 現(xiàn)決定采用日本三菱公司生產(chǎn)的 FX 系列 PLC 進(jìn)行編程。 可編程序控制器根據(jù)操作者的指令,完成對(duì)換向閥等元件的控制,以控制每個(gè)執(zhí)行 元件??删幊炭刂破骶哂泻芨叩娜嵝院屯ㄓ眯裕瑫r(shí)采用傳統(tǒng)的梯形性能可靠,操作維 護(hù)直觀、方便,具有以下特點(diǎn):油缸油壓控制采用壓力控制,因而調(diào)節(jié)方便、可靠;因而 調(diào)節(jié)操作簡(jiǎn)單 ,控制精確;顯示和操作采用高性能和易操作的控制面板,操作、調(diào)節(jié)、簡(jiǎn) 單直觀;可實(shí)現(xiàn)手動(dòng)、單動(dòng)、自動(dòng)等工作狀態(tài),參數(shù)范圍大。當(dāng)故障發(fā)生時(shí), PLC 做出相 應(yīng)保護(hù)措施。 PLC 在滿足同樣控制要求的情況下,又不像計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)那樣復(fù)雜、難以掌握。 有利于控制系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、通用化和柔性化,縮短控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、安裝和調(diào)試周期、 降低測(cè)試產(chǎn)費(fèi)用。 無錫太湖學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 8 3 模具結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 3.1 概述 波紋管成型機(jī)生產(chǎn)出的波紋管主要用于汽車的消聲器。模具是成型過程的主要裝備, 也是整個(gè)裝備的重中之重。波紋管的幾何形狀、尺寸和精度是由成形模具來保證的。根 據(jù)金屬變形規(guī)律、波紋管幾何形狀、尺寸、精度、成形力的大小和波紋管軸向彈性回彈 等,設(shè)計(jì)成形模具。 除設(shè)計(jì)因素之外,波紋管很大程度上依賴于制造工藝,先進(jìn)的制造 工藝是提高波紋管性能和質(zhì)量的重要保證。 整個(gè)模具裝備主要由模片、鏈條等部分組成。 3.2 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) A 本套設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)汽車消聲器等特性設(shè)計(jì)。 B 本套設(shè)計(jì)以滿足汽車波紋管一次成型要求設(shè)計(jì)。 C 本套設(shè)備以符合相關(guān)管材的規(guī)范要求設(shè)計(jì)。 D 本套設(shè)備的制造、檢驗(yàn)、安裝、使用均以滿足設(shè)備投資少、生產(chǎn)易控制。 圖 3.1 波紋管成型機(jī)模具 3.3 設(shè)計(jì)范圍及其設(shè)計(jì)方案 過去雙壁波紋管的直徑比較小,雙壁波紋成型機(jī)都采用“履帶式設(shè)計(jì)” :把成對(duì)的成型 模片一對(duì)接一對(duì)地固定在同步相對(duì)循環(huán)移動(dòng)的兩履帶上,形成一排移動(dòng)中的成型模片。 有的兩履帶水平配置,如 UNICOR;有的兩履帶上下配置,如 CORMA。熱熔態(tài)的外壁 就在壓力或真空的作用下形成波紋外管。波紋外管再和平直的內(nèi)管熔接成雙壁波紋管。 最近的技術(shù)發(fā)展是生產(chǎn)雙壁波紋管用成型機(jī)的“梭式設(shè)計(jì)” 。成對(duì)的成型模片不再固定在履 帶上,而是沿矩形軌跡循環(huán)移動(dòng)。在成型工作區(qū),成對(duì)模片是慢速移動(dòng);在離開工作區(qū) 后模片沿外側(cè)軌道快速度返回。本套設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)的范圍如前述組成部份,其間還包含了較 波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 9 多的項(xiàng)目。下面按各部件分述如下: 3.3.1 模具的工藝分析 工藝設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的、多層次、多任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)過程,它涉及的面較廣,影響著工 藝決策的因素也很多,金屬波紋管的試制涉及材料的精密塑性成形、熱 處理、表面處理、 焊接、切削等多種工藝。根據(jù)研制的需要,對(duì)上述各工藝做出合理的設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)計(jì)出技術(shù) 上先進(jìn)可行的工藝。我設(shè)計(jì)的是雙壁不銹鋼波紋管,內(nèi)外層的鋼壁都是焊接而成,但是 焊縫不是在同一直線上,其成形工藝為油推水壓制成形。模具由凸模與凹模 2 部分構(gòu)成, 對(duì)于同一件不銹鋼制品,可設(shè)計(jì)出各種不同結(jié)構(gòu)形式的壓模,壓模的結(jié)構(gòu)形式直接關(guān)系到 制品質(zhì)量、模具制造成本及其使用壽命編號(hào)無錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)相關(guān)資料題目: 波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)學(xué) 號(hào): 0923074學(xué)生姓名: 王蛟龍 指導(dǎo)教師: 林承德 (職稱:教授 ) (職稱: )2012年5月25日24目 錄一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯及原文三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文(論文)計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表無錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告題目: 波紋管成型機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)學(xué) 號(hào): 0923074 學(xué)生姓名: 王蛟龍 指導(dǎo)教師: 林承德 (職稱:教授 ) (職稱: )2012年11月14日課題來源江蘇省蘇州奧杰汽車技術(shù)有限公司科學(xué)依據(jù)(包括課題的科學(xué)意義;國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì);應(yīng)用前景等)本課題是對(duì)現(xiàn)有設(shè)備進(jìn)行測(cè)繪,并在改進(jìn)的基礎(chǔ)上制造完成,以滿足實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的要求。學(xué)生在設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)現(xiàn)有液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析,須重新設(shè)計(jì)整機(jī);液壓原理。因設(shè)備已投入生產(chǎn),故學(xué)生在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,可掌握較強(qiáng)的實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),完成從設(shè)計(jì)到實(shí)際生產(chǎn)及運(yùn)行調(diào)試的整個(gè)過程,很好的掌握機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)。能熟悉如何從圖紙到實(shí)際工作完成的整個(gè)過程,并經(jīng)實(shí)際的動(dòng)手完成真正能正常工作的設(shè)備。研究內(nèi)容1達(dá)到技術(shù)指標(biāo)所規(guī)定要求,滿足實(shí)際工作需要。2主機(jī)部件工作時(shí)定位準(zhǔn)確,啟停無沖擊。3. 制品的模具三維圖及工作圖。實(shí)習(xí)地點(diǎn):無錫。主要技術(shù)指標(biāo):1. 最高合模力 100 噸2. 油箱容積 500 L3. 最大周期 10 S 擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析分析國內(nèi)外波紋管成型機(jī)市場(chǎng)各種波紋管成型機(jī)的特點(diǎn)以及適應(yīng)性、波紋管成型機(jī)開發(fā)中的問題、各種電機(jī)性能、各部件機(jī)構(gòu)及工作原理、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)過程,通過對(duì)波紋管成型機(jī)各部件的性能分析,最終開發(fā)出一款適合的波紋管成型機(jī)。 運(yùn)用UG軟件進(jìn)行逆向設(shè)計(jì),分析波紋管成型機(jī)總成及各部件的位置結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,建立三維數(shù)模,對(duì)總成進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真,分析運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù),優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)布置。江蘇省蘇州奧杰技術(shù)有限公司在汽車設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域,運(yùn)用當(dāng)今工業(yè)最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助造型(CAS)、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程(CAE)、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造(CAM)軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā),至今已積累了數(shù)十個(gè)平臺(tái)及零部件開發(fā)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在波紋管成型機(jī)方面具備很強(qiáng)的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)能力,同時(shí)國內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)對(duì)波紋管成型機(jī)的需求不斷擴(kuò)大,對(duì)波紋管成型機(jī)的智能化、模塊化越來越高,具備很大的市場(chǎng)可行性。研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果特色或創(chuàng)新之處波紋管成型機(jī)的整個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)、功能、性能都可通過UG逆向設(shè)計(jì)得以實(shí)現(xiàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)品的快速設(shè)計(jì);通過運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真可以校核是否存在結(jié)構(gòu)干涉情況,降低了樣品試制的成本和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。波紋管成型機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,制造成本低,使用壽命長,采用高防護(hù)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)波紋管成型機(jī)操作方便靈活,提高了性能。已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題 已具備的條件:電腦;相關(guān)開發(fā)軟件;部分技術(shù)資料。 尚需解決的問題:學(xué)習(xí)UG軟件;確定產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸和技術(shù)要求;逆向設(shè)計(jì)建立三維數(shù)模;總成運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真校核。指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名: 年 月 日 教研室(學(xué)科組、研究所)意見 教研室主任簽名: 年 月 日系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名: 年 月 日Hydraulic system design and mold designHydraulic presser drive and air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascals principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Braman Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the worlds first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved.After the World War I (1914-1918) ,because of the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, espec- ially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century G Constantimscofluct- uations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic trans- mission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of develo- pment.The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japans hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, Hydraulic Industry. Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japans fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader.Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general industr- ial use of plastics processing machinery, the pressure of machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel indu- stry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flo- od control and dam gate devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship from the deck heavy machinery (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valve, stern thruster, etc.; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measu- rement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti- rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devi- ces.A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of co- mponents, control components, auxiliary components and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydra- ulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic pressure control valve can be divided into valves, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories. The role of the hydraulic system is to help humanity work. Mainly by the implementation of components to rotate or pressure into a reciprocating motion. Hydraulic system and hydraulic power control signal is composed of two parts, the signal control of some parts of the hydraulic power used to drive the control valve movement. Part of the hydraulic power means that the circuit diagram used to show the different functions of the interrelationship between components. Containing the source of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and auxiliary components; hydraulic control part contains a variety of control valves, used to control the flow of oil, pressure and direction; operative or hydraulic cylinder with hydraulic motors, according to the actual requirements of their choice.In the analysis and design of the actual task, the general block diagram shows the actual operation of equi - pment. Hollow arrow indicates the signal flow, while the solid arrows that energy flow. Basic hydraulic circuit of the action sequence - Control components (two four-way valve) and the spring to reset for the implementation of components (double-acting hydraulic cylinder), as well as the extending and retracting the relief valve opened and closed . For the implementation of components and control components, presentations are based on the corresponding circuit diagram symbols, it also introduced ready made circuit diagram symbols. Working principle of the system, you can turn on all circuits to code. If the first implementation of components numbered 0, the control components associated with the identifier is 1. Out with the implementation of components corresponding to the identifier for the even components, then retracting and implementation of components corresponding to the identifier for the odd components. Hydraulic circuit carried out not only to deal with numbers, but also to deal with the actual device ID, in order to detect system failures.DIN ISO1219-2 standard definition of the number of component composition, which includes the following four parts: device ID, circuit ID, component ID and component ID. The entire system if only one device, device number may be omitted. Practice, another way is to code all of the hydraulic system components for numbers at this time, components and component code should be consistent with the list of numbers. This method is particularly applicable to complex hydraulic control system, each control loop are the corresponding number with the systemWith mechanical transmission, electrical transmission compared to the hydraulic drive has the following advantages: 1, a variety of hydraulic components, can easily and flexibly to layout. 2, light weight, small size, small inertia, fast response. 3, to facilitate manipulation of control, enabling a wide range of stepless speed regulation (speed range of 2000:1). 4, to achieve overload protection automatically. 5, the general use of mineral oil as a working medium, the relative motion can be self-lubricating surface, long service life; 6, it is easy to achieve linear motion / 7, it is easy to achieve the automation of machines, when the joint control of the use of electro-hydraulic, not only can achieve a higher degree of process automation, and remote control can be achieved. The shortcomings of the hydraulic system: 1, as a result of the resistance to fluid flow and leakage of the larger, so less efficient. If not handled properly, leakage is not only contaminated sites, but also may cause fire and explosion. 2, vulnerable performance as a result of the impact of temperature change, it would be inappropriate in the high or low temperature conditions. 3, the manufacture of precision hydraulic components require a higher, more expensive and hence the price. 4, due to the leakage of liquid medium and the compressibility and can not be strictly the transmission ratio. 5, hydraulic transmission is not easy to find out the reasons for failure; the use and maintenance requirements for a higher level of technology.In the hydraulic system and its system, the sealing device to prevent leakage of the work of media within and outside the dust and the intrusion of foreign bodies. Seals played the role of components, namely seals. Medium will result in leakage of waste, pollution and environmental machinery and even give rise to malfunctioning machinery and equipment for personal accident. Leakage within the hydraulic system will cause a sharp drop in volumetric efficiency, amounting to less than the required pressure, can not even work. Micro-invasive system of dust particles, can cause or exacerbate friction hydraulic component wear, and further lead to leakage. Therefore, seals and sealing device is an important hydraulic equipment components. The reliability of its work and life, is a measure of the hydraulic system an important indicator of good or bad. In addition to the closed space, are the use of seals, so that two adjacent coupling surface of the gap between the need to control the liquid can be sealed following the smallest gap. In the contact seal, pressed into self-seal-style and self-styled self-tight seal (ie, sealed lips) two.The three hydraulic system diseases .1, as a result of heat transmission medium (hydraulic oil) in the flow velocity in various parts of the existence of different, resulting in the existence of a liquid within the internal friction of liquids and pipelines at the sam- e time there is friction between the inner wall, which are a result of hydraulic the reasons for the oil tempera- ture. Temperature will lead to increased internal and external leakage, reducing its mechanical efficiency. At the same time as a result of high temperature, hydraulic oil expansion will occur, resulting in increased com- pression, so that action can not be very good control of transmission. Solution: heat is the inherent characte -ristics of the hydraulic system, not only to minimize eradication. Use a good quality hydraulic oil, hydraulic piping arrangement should be avoided as far as possible the emergence of bend, the use of high-quality pipe and fittings, hydraulic valves, etc.2, the vibration of the vibration of the hydraulic system is also one of its malaise. As a result of hydraulic oil in the pipeline flow of high-speed impact and the control valve to open the closure of the impact of the process are the reasons for the vibration system. Strong vibration control action will cause the system to error, the system will also be some of the more sophisticated equipment error, resulting in system failures. Solutions: hydraulic pipe should be fixed to avoid sharp bends. To avoid frequent changes in flow direction, can not avoid damping measures should be doing a good job. The entire hydraulic system should have a good damping measures, while avoiding the external local oscillator on the system.3, the leakage of the hydraulic system leak into inside and outside the leakage leakage. Leakage refers to the process with the leak occurred in the system, such as hydraulic piston-cylinder on both sides of the leakage, the control valve spool and valve body, such as between the leakage. Although no internal leakage of hydra- ulic fluid loss, but due to leakage, the control of the established movements may be affected until the cause system failures. Outside means the occurrence of leakage in the system and the leakage between the external environment. Direct leakage of hydraulic oil into the environment, in addition to the system will affect the working environment, not enough pressure will cause the system to trigger a fault. Leakage into the enviro- nment of the hydraulic oil was also the danger of fire. Solution: the use of better quality seals to improve the machining accuracy of equipment. Another: the hydraulic system for the three diseases, it was summed up: fever, with a father (This is the summary of the northeast people). Hydraulic system for the lifts, excavators, pumping station, dynamic, crane, and so on large-scale industry, construction, factories, enterprises, as well as elevators, lifting platforms, Deng Axle industry and so on. Hydraulic components will be high-performance, high-quality, high reliability, the system sets the direction of development; to the low power, low noise, vibration, without leakage, as well as pollution control, water-based media applications to adapt to environmental requirements, such as the direction of development; the development of highly integrated high power density, intelligence, mechatronics and micro-light mini-hydraulic components; active use of new techniques, new materials and electronics, sensing and other high-tech.- Hydraulic coupling to high-speed high-power and integrated development of hydraulic transmission equ- ipment, development of water hydraulic coupling medium speed and the field of automotive applications to develop hydraulic reducer, improve product reliability and working hours MTBF; hydraulic torque converter to the development of high-power products, parts and components to improve the manufacturing process tech -nology to improve reliability, promote computer-aided technology, the development of hydraulic torque con- verter and power shift transmission technology supporting the use of ; Clutch fluid viscosity should increase the quality of products, the formation of bulk to the high-power and high-speed direction. Pneumatic Industry:- Products to small size, light weight, low power consumption, integrated portfolio of development, the implementation of the various types of components, compact structure, high positioning accuracy of the direction of development; pneumatic components and electronic technology, to the intelligent direction of development; component performance to high-speed, high-frequency, high-response, high-life, high temp- erature, high voltage direction, commonly used oil-free lubrication, application of new technology, new technology and new materials. (1)used high-pressure hydraulic components and the pressure of continuous work to reach 40Mpa, the maximum pressure to achieve instant 48Mpa; (2) diversification of regulation and control; (3) to further improve the regulation performance, increase the efficiency of the powertrain; (4) development and mechanical, hydraulic, power transmission of the composite portfolio adjustment gear; (5) development of energy saving, energy efficient system function; (6) to further reduce the noise; (7) Application of Hydraulic Cartridge Valves thread technology, compact structure, to reduce the oil spill.(8)Mold design and manufacture The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation in ourcountry the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipmentmanufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and theuse mold but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80slater periods the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the developmentspeedway. Recent years not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very bigdevelopment the three investments enterprise the villages and towns individual themold enterprises development also quite rapid . Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid but compares with thedemand obviously falls short of demand its main gap concentrates precisely tolarge-scale is complex the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so onmold precision life manufacture cycle and productivity China and the internationalaverage horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity thereforeneeded massively to import the mold every year . The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivityfrom now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustmentand the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect mainly is theenterprise structure to the specialized adjustment the product structure to center theupscale mold development to the import and export structure improvement centerthe upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvementthe multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the lasertechnology in the mold design manufacture application the high-speed cutting thesuperfinishing and polished the technology the information direction develops . The recent years the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizationalreform step enlarges mainly displayed in large-scale precise was complex the longlife center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higherthan the common mold product The plastic mold and the compression casting moldproportion increases Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increasequotThe three investmentsquot and the private enterprise develops rapidly The joint stocks
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