《新編實用英語1》 高職教學PPT課件

《新編實用英語1》 高職教學PPT課件,新編實用英語1,《新編實用英語1》,高職教學PPT課件,新編,實用英語,高職,教學,PPT,課件 We Enjoy Our Travelling a Lot.英語聽力練習方法之逆序聽力法第八，練習寫作?？梢园崖犨^的內(nèi)容用自己的話寫出梗概。另外多練習用英語生詞造句。第九，練習漢翻英。最好找一些有標準譯文的材料，先自己翻譯，再對照范文學習。非凡注重把握英語與中文之間的微妙關(guān)系。第十，天天保持相當量的練習。只有練到一定的數(shù)量，才能在大腦中構(gòu)造一個英語區(qū)。以后再說英語時就不會出現(xiàn)英漢互相干擾的問題了。PART IIntroducingBeing All EarsWords to KnowShort ConversationsSituational DialoguesPassage Listening Words to Know1.college n.同事2.advertising n.廣告業(yè)3.pleasure n.愉快、快樂4.initiative n.主動Short ConversationsDirections:Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with the words you have heard.1.A:I dont think weve been .My name is Dr.Johnson._ B:Its a to meet you,Dr.Johnson.Im Peter.2.A:Mac.Id like you to ,Fred Hutton.B.Its to meet you,Fred.3.A:Ted,may I Gary?B:How do you do,Gray?Ive often you.4.A:Ted,this is Carl Faye whos just here from our factory in London.B:Hi,Carl.Ive been meeting you.5.A:Do you know?B:No,I dont think weve .Situational DialoguesDialogue 1Directions:You will hear a dialogue between Charles Simmons,a computer programmer,and Grace Carson,a collgue of the host at the party.1.Where does this conversation take place?A.In a company.B.In a computer shop.C.At a party.D.In the Street.2.Who is the woman?A.She is the womans friend.B.She is a computer programmer C.She is a saleswoman.D.She is a colleague of the host.3.What is the womans job?A.She is in business.B.She is in advertising.C.She is a teacher.D.She is a secretary.4.What does the man do?A.He is a doctor.B.He is a teacher.C.He is a computer programmer.D.He is a repairman.5.What does the womans brother do?A.He is a computer repairman.B.He is a salesman.C.He is a engineer.D.He is a professor.Dialogue 2Directions:You will hear a dialogue between Tom,an American and Jenny,who is from Argentina.1.What is the womans name?A.Julie.B.Jenny.C.Jane.D.Tom.2.Where is the woman from originally?A.Argentina.B.The United States.C.Chile.D.Japan.3.About how old was the man when he returned to the United States?A.7 years old.B.10 years old.C.17 years old.D.20 years old.4.What is the man studying?A.Physics.B.Biology.C.Psychology.D.Chemistry.5.What is the womans job?A.She is a sales representative.B.She is a computer programmer.C.She is a receptionist.D.She is a secretary.Situational DialoguesPassage Listening1.Directions:Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the information youve heard.Does that sound so difficult?It isnt,believe me.When you enter college you find friends of the same .Everyone out there must be looking out for friends.you are a very shy person,it is very easy to be friends with people of your class and college.Making friends should not be a at all.Still,it requires and a willingness to show yourself at times.You need to open up and be welcoming.First and foremost dont wait for people to come and introduce themselves to you.with introducing yourself.Once you have introduced yourself it will be easy to do the rest.parties,sports events and special occasions where people socialize.Remain open to new ,ideas and values.people to join you.This way you can make friends fast.Help out your classmates or people who are in .Be co-operative.Dont be nervous or angry and even if you are dont show that on your face,otherwise no one will like to be with you.Throw a party occasionally and attend all parties if .All this will help you get the best friends you want at college.2.Directions:Listen to the passage again and answer the following questions in brief.(1)Is it difficult to make friends at college?_ (2)What do you find when you enter college?_ (3)What does it require to show yourself at times?_ (4)What will be the first step in effectively making friends with others?_ (5)How should you react to the new cultures,ideas and values?_ Passage ListeningPART IITalking Face to Face IntroducingFollow the samplesUseful Sentences and Expressions Introducing Sample 1 Mr.Smith is waiting at an International Airport for his sonsbest friend,Jack,who comes to China for traveling for the firs time from Spain.Mr.Smith:Excuse me,are you Jack?Jack:Yes.Mr.Smith:Oh,hello.Im so pleased to meet you.Im William Smith,Joes father.Jack:Oh,yes,Mr.Smith.How do you do?Mr.Smith:How do you do?Jack:Its very kind of you to meet me.Follow the Samples Sample1 Mr.Smith:Not at all.I heard a lot about you from Joe.I know you are good friends.Jack:Yes.We work in the same department and have a lot in common.Many colleagues say that we are like brothers.Mr.Smith:Im so happy to hear that.And shall we go now?My cars just outside the airport.My wife is waiting for us at home.Jack:Sure.Thank you so muchFollow the Samples Sample 2 Tom is introducing Mr.Brown to Dr.Terry.Tom:Mr.Brown,Id like you to meet Dr.Patrick Terry.Mr.Brown:How do you do?Dr.Terry:How do you do?Tom:Dr.Terry is an economist.He just finished writing a book on North America and WTO.Mr.Brown:Oh?Do you work in the Finance Department,Chicago University,by any chance?Dr.Terry:Yes.How did you guess?Mr.Brown:Ive read your another book on economic reform of Canada.Its excellent.Follow the Samples Sample 3Annie is introducing Lucy to Peter at a cocktail party.Peter:Who is that tall girl in blue dress over there?Annie:That is Lucy Wilson.Shes the new assistant of the General Manager of the General Manager of our company.Didnt you meet her at Roberts party last week?Peter:No,I wasnt at Roberts party.Annie:Oh!Then let me introduce you to her now.Lucy,this is Peter,my old friend from university.Lucy:Hi,Peter.Im glad to meet you.Peter:Im glad to meet you,too.Annie:Peter is a fashion designer.Lucy:Oh,really?That must be an interesting job.Peter:Yes.Cant we sit down somewhere and talk?Lucy:Sure,lets sit over there.Follow the Samples HI!Im.Hello!Im.I believe weve met before.My name is.How do you do?My name is.Allow me to introduce myself.My name is.Let me introduce myself,by the way.May I introduce.?Please let me introduce.May I present.?Id like to introduce.How did you guess?Id like you to know.Have you met.?Do you know.?Useful Sentences and Expressions Meet my friend.Mr.(Mrs.,Miss).,this.Useful Sentences and ExpressionsPART IIIMaintaining a Sharp EyeTouring in LondonText A Detailed Study of the Text A學習英語的好方法KeepapositiveattitudeaboutEnglish.IfyouthinkofEnglishasaburden,itwillbeone!IfyouthinkofEnglishasfunandexciting,youwillpracticemoreoftenandmakeprogressmorequickly!學英語要有積極的態(tài)度。如果你認為英語是個負擔，它就是個負擔！如果你認為英語有趣又刺激，你就會更經(jīng)常地練習，進步得更快！1.London is a city with a long history.It is Britains political,economic and transportation centre and is also the largest city in Europe.Though Britain is only as big as Chinas Liaoning Province and has a population about the same as Guangdong Province,it was once the most powerful country in the world,an empire“on which the sun never sets”.ModernLondon has a new face;it is now one of the worlds top ten cities.2.A city looks more lively with a river running through it,crossed by beautiful bridges.London is such a city.If you visit it,you must see its world-famous riverthe Thames,and the unique Tower Bridge crossing the river.People familiar with British history often say,“If there were no Thames,there would be no London.”The Thames runs like a white ribbon across the blue sky,winding its way through Londons urban areas.There are many scenic spots and historical sites that mark the progress of human society and the ups and downs of Britain.The most magnificent of these sites is the Tower Bridge,built in 1894,with its four towers.If large ships need to pass below it,it can be raised.When the bridge was first in use,it was raised as many as 50 times a day.Today advanced automated equipment is used to raise the bridge,so the old steam engines and boilersText ATouring in Londonare out of service and can only be seen in the Tower Bridge Museum.Because there arent so many large ships on the river now,people rarely see the bridge raised.3.Trafalgar Square is one of the most important places in Britain.It was built in memory of Admiral Nelson,who had won his last battle in the Spanish Cape Trafalgar.After the victory a statue was erected right in the centre of the capital for people to look up.London is famous for its friendly pigeons.If you have some food for them,you can actually get them to stand on your head,shoulder,or your hand.People love to play with the pigeons and take pictures with them.Thats why the square is nickname“Pigeon Squre”.1.ThoughBritainisonlyasbigasChinas LiaoningProvinceandhasapopulationaboutthesameasGuangdongProvince,itwasoncethemostpowerfulcountryintheworld,anempire“onwhichthesunneversets”.盡管英國只有中國遼寧省那么大，也只有大約廣東省的人口，但它曾經(jīng)卻是世界上最強大的國家，是個“日不落帝國”。themostpowerful最強大的國家，最高級例如Itwasoneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesevermade.這是所做出的最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。Detailed Study of Text A2.Acitylooksmorelivelywithariverrunningthroughit,crossedbybeautifulbridges.城中有河、河上架橋，城市就顯得生機活潑了起來。crossedbybeautifulbridges.這是過去分詞作狀語，表示伴隨，相當于一個狀語從句，即“whichitiscrossedby”。一、過去分詞作狀語時的功能及位一、過去分詞作狀語時的功能及位置置1.過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語動詞，進一步說明謂語動詞的動作和狀態(tài)，即動作發(fā)生時的背景或狀況，其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，且主語是過去分詞動作的承受者，即過去分詞表示的動作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的；過去分詞與主語之間是動賓關(guān)系，即被動關(guān)系。如：Althoughbuiltthirtyyearsago,thehouselooksverybeautiful.盡管這座房子是30年前被建造的，它看起來依然很漂亮。2.過去分詞短語作條件、原因及時間狀語時，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語時，通常放在句末；作方式狀語時，一般放在句末，有時也放在句首；作讓步狀語時，一般放在句首，有時也放在句末。如：Givenmoretime,hecandoitbetter.如果他被給予更多的時間，他就能把它做得更好。二、二、與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換1.過去分詞短語作時間狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為when,while或after等引導的狀語從句。如：Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.從山上往下看，這座公園看起來更加漂亮。2.作條件狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if,once或unless等引導的狀語從句。如：Unitedwewillstand;dividedwewillfall.Ifweareunitedwewillstand;ifwearedividedwewillfall.團結(jié)就是勝利；分裂必然失敗。3.作原因狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為as,since或because等引導的狀語從句。如：Encouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.Asheisencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.由于受到所取得成績的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。4.作讓步狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為although,though或evenif等引導的狀語從句。如：Althoughexhaustedbytheclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.Althoughwewereexhaustedbytheclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.我們雖然爬得很累，但我們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)我們的旅程。5.作方式狀語，如有連詞asif，就轉(zhuǎn)換為asif引導的方式狀語從句；若無連詞，則轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hebegantocryasifbittenbyasnake.Hebegantocryasifhewasbittenbyasnake.他大叫起來，好像被蛇咬了。6.作伴隨狀語，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。如：AuntWucamein,followedbyherdaughter.AuntWucamein,and(she)wasfollowedbyherdaughter.吳大娘走進來，（她）后面跟著她的女兒。3.TherearemanyscenicspotsandhistoricalsitesthatmarktheprogressofhumansocietyandtheupsanddownsofBritain.倫敦有著許多風景名勝，它們記載著人類社會的進步和英國的衰退。upsanddowns:alternategoodandbadluck幸運與不幸運的交替。例句：Likemostmarriedcoupleswevehadourups and downs,butlifeslikethat.像大多數(shù)的夫妻到一樣，我倆的婚姻波折迭起，但生活就是這樣。Everyonemusthavehisshareoftheups and downs.每個人都有得意時和失意時。Lifeisfullofups and downs.人生有得意時也有失意時。Hestuckbyherthroughalllifesups and downs.他對她始終不渝，同甘共苦。4.Afterthevictoryastatuewaserectedrightinthecentreofthecapitalforpeopletolookup.那以后，人們就在首都的正中心建了一座雕塑以供敬仰。lookuptosomeone:admireorrespectsomeone贊揚或尊敬某人.例如：Thegirlwassoshortthatshehadtolook up toheryoungersister.小女孩個子太矮，只好仰著頭看她的妹妹。Intheoldsociety,whowouldlook up tous?在舊社會誰還會看得起我們？Hecouldnotbutlook up totheskyandsighdeeplywhenhislifetimeoffrustrationspassedthroughhismind.想起自己坎坷的一生，他不由仰天長嘆。PART IIIMaintaining a Sharp EyeNew York CityText B Detailed Study of the Text B 1.New York City is the largest city in the United States and the largest in the world.Facing the Atlantic,it is on the northeastern coast of the United States,and most of the city is built on island.It is one of the worlds most important centers of finance,industry,and culture.2.Located at the mouth of the Hudson River,New York City is the busiest port of the country.It handles about one third of the countrys international shipping and can handle more ships than any other port in the world.Every day hundreds of ships bring in oil,sugar,coffee,tea,fruit,paper and many other products.New York also ships wheat,flour,cars,machines,and many kinds of ready-made goods to other ports in the country and in the world.The city produces nearly a quarter of the countrys total manufactures.The center of New Yorks business world is Wall Street,whose influence is felt by the whole nation and probably by countries everywhere in the world.Text BNew York City 3.New York is an exciting city.Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan,the heart of the city,with its one hundred and more skyscrapers.The most famous among them are the Empire State Building,the United Nations Headquarters,Rockefeller Center,and the World Tread Center.The material used copper,stainless steel,concrete,and glass give the buildings a striking beauty.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines running from East to West.Those running from North to South are called avenues.The streets and avenues,forming squares,or“blocks”,are lined with many expensive stores and huge apartment houses.4.The most crowed part of the city is perhaps Harlem,where mostly Black Americans lives.There the houses are in worse condition than anywhere else old,dirty,needing repairs,and sometimes dangerous.The crime rate there is among the highest in the western world.1.Facing the Atlantic,it is on the northeastern coast of the United States,and most of the city is built on island.它面向大西洋坐落于美國的東北海岸它面向大西洋坐落于美國的東北海岸,且全城且全城大部分建于島上大部分建于島上.facing the Atlantic 是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，相當是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，相當于一個句子，即于一個句子，即 New York City faces the Atlantic.英語的一個句子中不能有兩個簡單英語的一個句子中不能有兩個簡單句，所以其中一個簡單句通常改為不定式現(xiàn)在句，所以其中一個簡單句通常改為不定式現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞等形式。分詞或過去分詞等形式。Detailed Study of Text BTheentirecontentofabookwillbe located onasinglesiliconchip.整本書的內(nèi)容只用一片硅芯片就可以裝下。2.LocatedatthemouthoftheHudsonRiver,NewYorkCityisthebusiestportofthecountry.位于哈德遜河口的紐約是全美最繁忙的港口。belocatedin/at/on：besituated位于，處于，座落在3.Everydayhundredsofshipsbringinoil,sugar,coffee,tea,fruit,paperandmanyotherproducts.每天，成百上千的輪船載來油、糖、咖啡、茶、水果、紙張以及大量其它產(chǎn)品。bringin介紹，帶進，引入，賺取，判決Heintendstobring insomereforms.他打算提出些改革措施。Twosuspiciouscharacterswerebroughtin.逮捕了兩名嫌疑犯。Hedoesoddjobsthatbringhiminabout30aweek.他做零工每周可賺約30英鎊。4.SplendidisthearchitectureofManhattan,theheartofthecity,withitsonehundredandmoreskyscrapers.作為紐約心臟的曼哈頓以富麗堂皇的建筑而聞名，有著100多座摩天大樓。此句為倒裝句，因主語帶有較長的說明語而后置。5.ThoserunningfromNorthtoSoutharecalledavenues.那些南北走向的叫做大道。avenue,street:根據(jù)美國的道路規(guī)劃，avenue比street要長要寬，在美國城市里avenue指南北走向的道路，而street則指東西走向的道路。6.Thestreetsandavenues,formingsquares,or“blocks”,arelinedwithmanyexpensivestoresandhugeapartmenthouses.東西南北的道路構(gòu)成廣場或街區(qū)，兩旁是昂貴的精品店和龐大的公寓。belinedwith:被排滿Herfacewas lined withmanycares.由于煩心的事多，她臉上已有了皺紋。Theinsideoftheboxwas lined withsilk.那盒子用絲作襯里。7.Therethehousesareinworseconditionthananywhereelseold,dirty,needingrepairs,andsometimesdangerous.并且這里的居住條件是最差的：都是又臟又舊需要搶修的危房。incondition：處于的狀況。underthecondition：在條件下。PART IIIMaintaining a Sharp EyeA New Island for IcelandText C Detailed Study of the Text C 1.Today I have seen a new land on fire rising from the sea a new creation making its mark on the map of the world.2.It has been clear and fine in the south of Iceland,and this was an unforgettable sight as the storm clouds from the submarine volcano close to the Westman Islands rose to 25,000 feet.3.The new island is now 1,500 feet long and 130 feet above sea level,where the depth is 60 fathoms.It is still rising and today it has been observed from ships and planes.Text CA New Island for Iceland 4.The south of Iceland,where the capital,Reykjavik is situated,is always liable to earthquakes and eruptions.Today,from the coast about 50 miles from Reykjavik,I watched the column of the steam,black then white,ever changing and rising.It reminded me of the column from an atomic bomb,though certainly more beautiful and much more wild.At the top the rays of the setting sun may be seen like a cap to the new-born island.Thousands of people in cars,eager to see this wonder of Nature are leaving the city of Reykjavik for the coast.5.On the Westman Island everyone has been out watching it.Hardly any work is done.The Westman Islanders welcome their new neighbor.They hope the eruption will not touch their own town,carrying ash and lava.The children have been given a holiday from school to see a sight that will remain in their memories until they areold.1.Today I have seen a new land on fire rising from the sea a new creation making its mark on the map of the world.今天我看到一個新土地從海上升起一種新的創(chuàng)造使其在世界地圖上有了自己記號。Text CDetailed Study of Text C現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過去發(fā)生的主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過去發(fā)生的某個行為來說明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。某個行為來說明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過去的動作）過去的動作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）She has been to Beijing.(現(xiàn)在已不在北京，從結(jié)果上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)現(xiàn)在已不在北京，從結(jié)果上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來）系起來）She has been in Beijing for two years.（現(xiàn)在仍在北京，從時間上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系（現(xiàn)在仍在北京，從時間上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來）起來）現(xiàn)在完成時的三種基本用法：現(xiàn)在完成時的三種基本用法：1.未完成用法。表示動作或狀態(tài)開始于過未完成用法。表示動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)發(fā)展，也去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)發(fā)展，也可能剛剛結(jié)束?？赡軇倓偨Y(jié)束。He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied English since 1980.He has lived here all his life.a.be,live,study都是延續(xù)性動詞。都是延續(xù)性動詞。b.常用的時間狀語：常用的時間狀語：since,for,in the past few years,so far,all his life.2.反復性用法，表示過去到現(xiàn)在這段時間反復性用法，表示過去到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)反復發(fā)生的動作。內(nèi)反復發(fā)生的動作。I have been to the city twice this week.I have often wondered where she gets her money all these days.這種用法從時間上與現(xiàn)在發(fā)生了聯(lián)系。這種用法從時間上與現(xiàn)在發(fā)生了聯(lián)系。3.完成性用法，表示動作或狀態(tài)到說完成性用法，表示動作或狀態(tài)到說話時已經(jīng)完成，通常所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果把話時已經(jīng)完成，通常所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果把過去的動作和狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來。過去的動作和狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來。He has gone to Shanghai.他已經(jīng)去了上海。（結(jié)果：他已不在他已經(jīng)去了上海。（結(jié)果：他已不在這兒，這兒，He is not here now.）Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A.where Alice had putB.where had Alice putC.where Alice has putD.where has Alice put使用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的使用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的“放放”的動作的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，究竟金戒指現(xiàn)在對現(xiàn)在的影響，究竟金戒指現(xiàn)在“在哪里在哪里”。When I was at college I _ three foreignlanguages,but I _ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgottenB.spoke;have forgottenC.had spoken;had forgottenD.had spoken;have forgotten“但都忘但都忘了了”是現(xiàn)在的情況，要用現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)結(jié)果。是現(xiàn)在的情況，要用現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)結(jié)果。-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had beenC.was D.will be“(for)only a few minutes”說明幾分鐘前來說明幾分鐘前來了這里，一直到現(xiàn)在。了這里，一直到現(xiàn)在。-_ the sports meet might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.Ive been told B.Ive toldC.Im told D.I told“被被告知告知”是過去的事，對現(xiàn)在的影響是過去的事，對現(xiàn)在的影響是是“我已知道我已知道”The price _,but I doubt whether it will remain so.A.went down B.will go downC.has gone down D.was going down 表示已發(fā)生的動作表示已發(fā)生的動作All the preparations for the task_,and were ready to start.A.completed B.completeC.had been completedD.have been completed過去的動作過去的動作“完成了準備工作完成了準備工作”，對現(xiàn)在的，對現(xiàn)在的影響是影響是“現(xiàn)在已準備出發(fā)了現(xiàn)在已準備出發(fā)了”。My dictionary _.I have looked for it everywhere but still _ it.A.has lost;dont findB.is missing;dont findC.has lost;havent foundD.is missing;havent found-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenB.C.cameD.amcomingThis is the first time 后接從句通常用完成時態(tài)-Where_therecorder?Icantseeitanywhere.-I_itrighthere,butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;haveputD.wereyouputting;haveput-WhoisJerryCooper?-_?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.DontyoumeethimyetB.HadntyoumethimyetC.DidntyoumeethimyetD.HaventyoumethimyetThe CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.C.havebeenpaintingD.D.havepaintedShe_lettersallmorningandfelttired.A.hasbeenwritingB.B.writesC.C.haswrittenD.D.hadbeenwriting-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatswhyI_toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingtoD.willhavegone2、The south of Iceland,where the capital,Reykjavik is situated,is always liable to earthquakes and eruptions.雷克雅未克，冰島的首都，位于冰島的南部，總是容易發(fā)生地震和火山噴發(fā)。liabletoadj.易于的，有Wereallliable tomakemistakeswhenweretired.人若疲勞誰都可能出差錯。Weareliable tomakemistakes.我們都易犯錯誤。Failuretopayyourtaxeswillmakeyouliable toprosecution.不繳納稅款就可能被起訴。Everymanisliable toerror.人人都可能犯錯誤PART Trying Your HandApplied WritingGrammar巧用英語短信縮寫用英文寫短信的困難在于拼寫，拼一個單詞就可能花費你很長的一段時間。因此，現(xiàn)在許多人都通過縮短單詞來加快拼寫的速度。這樣做節(jié)省了時間，但是如果不熟悉這些常用的縮寫規(guī)則，你就會感到很困惑。另外，書寫簡練短信的第一步就是掌握英文。短信可分為兩個基本部分：首字母縮寫和縮略。Acronyms首字母縮寫首字母縮寫是由每個單詞的第一個字母組合而成的，比如UN就是指UnitedNations.短信里，首字母縮寫常常被用在習慣用語中。另外，發(fā)聲相似的詞會被字母取代。請看一些例子：OIC-OhIsee.BRB-BerightbackBFN-ByefornowLOL-LaughingoutloudASAP-AssoonaspossibleBTW-BythewayFYI-ForyourinformationJK-JustkiddingTTYL-TalktoyoulaterContractions縮略縮略詞短信的縮略詞不是指一些約定俗成的dont或theyre之類的縮略，但兩者的目的是一樣的：即當意思很清楚的時候可將一些不需要的詞省略。元音常常會被省略，但是你仍然可以保留這個詞的大概發(fā)言。數(shù)字8有時候會發(fā)eight，所以later就寫成