《新編實(shí)用英語(yǔ)1》 高職教學(xué)PPT課件

《新編實(shí)用英語(yǔ)1》 高職教學(xué)PPT課件,新編實(shí)用英語(yǔ)1,《新編實(shí)用英語(yǔ)1》,高職教學(xué)PPT課件,新編,實(shí)用英語(yǔ),高職,教學(xué),PPT,課件 PART ICongratulationsandWishesLISTENING COMPREHENSIONWords to KnowShort ConversationsSituational DialoguesPassage Listening Words to Know1.promotion/prmun/n.促進(jìn)促進(jìn),發(fā)揚(yáng)發(fā)揚(yáng),提升提升,提拔提拔,晉升晉升2.thanksgiving /ksgivi/n.感恩節(jié)感恩節(jié)3.mark/m:k/n.分?jǐn)?shù)，記號(hào)，標(biāo)志，痕跡分?jǐn)?shù)，記號(hào)，標(biāo)志，痕跡v.做標(biāo)記，打分，弄污，留意做標(biāo)記，打分，弄污，留意 n.馬克（德國(guó)貨幣單位）馬克（德國(guó)貨幣單位）4.ceremony/serimni/n.典禮，儀式，禮節(jié)，禮儀典禮，儀式，禮節(jié)，禮儀 5.primitive/primitiv/adj.原始的原始的n.原始人，文藝原始人，文藝復(fù)興前的藝術(shù)家復(fù)興前的藝術(shù)家6.sophisticated/sfistikeitid/adj.詭辯的，久經(jīng)世詭辯的，久經(jīng)世故的，精密的，老練的，尖端的故的，精密的，老練的，尖端的 7.differ/dif/vi.不同，相異，有區(qū)別不同，相異，有區(qū)別 n.區(qū)別區(qū)別 8.characteristic/.kriktristik/adj.特有的，典型的特有的，典型的n.特性，特征，特色特性，特征，特色 9.sorrow/sru/n.悲傷，傷心事悲傷，傷心事vi.悲傷，惋惜，悔恨悲傷，惋惜，悔恨 10.mourning/m:ni/n.悲痛，孝服，服喪期悲痛，孝服，服喪期Short ConversationsDirections:Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.1.A:MerryChristmas._MerryChristmasandHappyNewYear.B:MerryChristmas.2.A:Congratulationson_,Dr.Sanyal.B:Thankyouverymuch.Imhappyto_.3.A:HappyNewYear.Areyou_?B:HappyNewYear.Werehavinga_withafewfriends.4.A:Youvegot_.Congratulations!B:Thanksalot.Iwas_thismorning.5.A:Wereveryhappythatyouve_inyourproject.B:Werehappytoo.Weve_.Situational DialoguesDialogue1John and Natalie are talking about some vacation activities.1.Theyaretalkingabout_.A.Christmas.B.NewYear.C.Thanksgiving.D.Easter.2.Whoseparentswillcomehere?_.A.JohnsB.NataliesC.JohnandNataliesD.Others3.Theparentswhowillcomeherewillgoto_foravisit.A.ChadB.NevadaC.BotswanaD.Canada4.Theywillhavea_vacation.A.shortB.two-dayC.longD.two-week5.WherewillNataliefly?A.NevadaB.CaliforniaC.GeorgiaD.ArizonaDialogue2Zhang has been given MA degree.His classmate Frank gives him congratulations.1.WhohasgotaMAdegree?_.A.ZhangB.FrankC.ZhangsfriendD.FranksfriendotherthanZhang2.Zhanghasnotbeento_.A.thepresidentsoffice.B.thedepartmentofficeC.thedepartmentchairsofficeD.thepostoffice3.WhosenameisonthelistofgraduatesgrantedMAdegrees?_.A.FranksB.AprofessorsC.ZhangsD.Zhangsfriends4.AtfirstdidZhangknowthereasonofFrankscongratulations?_.A.YesB.NoC.NotforsureD.Unknown5.Whataretheygoingtodo?_.A.HaveaswimB.HaveawalkC.HaveachatD.HaveadrinkSituational DialoguesPassage Listening1.Directions:Listen to the passage and fill in the missing words with the exact words you hear on the tape.Birth,marriageanddeath:thesearethegreatesteventsin_life.Manythings,goodandbad,canhappentousinourlives.Yettherearethreedayswhichareusuallymarkedbysomekindof_:thedayweareborn,thedaywegetmarriedandthedaywedie.Thesearethethreemaineventsinlife.Weonlyhavea_inthesecondofthese:wecanchoosewhetherornottomarry.Butwehavenochoiceinbirthordeath.Allhumanbeingsfromthe_tothemostsophisticatedareaffectedbythesethreeevents.Theonlythingdiffersineach_isthewaytheseeventsarecelebrated.Yetallsocietiesshare_characteristics.Birthisatimeofjoy.Theproudparentsreceive_andpresentsonbehalfofthenewborn._isalsoatimeofjoy.Theyoungcouplegothroughaspecial_ceremonyandreceivepresentstohelpthemsetuptheirhome.Deathisatimeofsorrowandismarkedbyaspecialceremonyandmourning.Thedatesofallthreeeventsareusually_.2.Directions:Listen to the passage again and answer the following questions in brief.(1)Accordingtothearticle,whatarethethreegreatesteventsinhumanlife?_(2)Amongthethreeevents,whichistheonewecanchoose?_(3)Doallsocietiessharecommoncharacteristics?_(4)Ofthethreeevents,whichoneisthetimeofsorrow？_(5)Isitthesamehowtocelebratetheseevents?_Passage ListeningPART IISPEAKING DEVELOPMENT MakingComplimentsSituational DialoguesUseful Sentences and ExpressionsNew words and ExpressionsDialogue1Li Daweis major professor,Dr.Scott congratulates on his obtaining Ph.D.Degree,and Dawei thanks him for his help and teachings.Scott:YouhavejustobtainedaPh.D.Degree.Congratulations!Dawei:Thankyouverymuch,Dr.Scott.Iappreciateyourhelpandteachingsforalltheseyears.Scott:Thepleasurewasallmine.IveneverexpectedyoucouldgetyourPh.D.Degreeinsuchashorttime.Dawei:Ihaveto,youknow.Myhomelandisexpectingmetoworkforher.Situational DialoguesDialogue2Lilly has won the first place at the sports meet,and her friend David congratulates her on her achievement.David:Youwonthefirstplace.Pleaseacceptmycongratulations.Lilly:Thankyouforsayingso.David:Yourskillsareterrific!Lilly:Ivebeentrainedforseveralyears.IhopeIdidwhatIcould.David:Yes,youdid.Weareallproudofyou.Dialogue3Mr.McGuire has just bought a very big house,and his Chinese friend Larry congratulates him.To Larrys surprise,there are so many happy things about Mr.McGuire.Larry:Letmecongratulateyouonbuyinganewhouse!McGuire:Itsverykindofyoutosayso.Larry:Iveneverseenanypeoplewhoworksohardlikeyouandyourwife.McGuire:Wehaveto.Wehavefourdaughtersandtwosons.MyeldestsonhasjustgraduatedfromRiceUniversity.Larry:Congratulationsongettinghisdegree!McGuire:Thankyouverymuch.Healsoworkshardatcollege,andhasjustgotajobwithIBM.Larry:Allowmetocongratulateyouoncemoreonhisjob.McGuire:Somanyhappythings.Letshaveadrinktonight.Situational Dialogues1.Congratulations!2.Congratulationsonyourpromotion!3.Allowmetooffermycongratulationsonyourpromotion.4.IhearyouhavejustobtainedaPh.D.Degree.Congratulations!5.Iwasreallyhappytohearaboutyournewposition.6.Idliketocongratulateyouonyourpromotion!7.Letmecongratulateyouonbuyinganewcar!8.Pleaseacceptmycongratulations.9.Thatsgreat/fantastic/terrific!10.Youwonthefirstplace.Congratulations!Useful Sentences and Expressions11.BestwishestoyoufortheNewYear!12.Happybirthday!13.Congratulationsongettingmarried!14.MerryChristmas!15.AverymerryChristmastoyou!16.HappyNewYear!17.Thankyou.Sametoyou!18.Thankyouverymuch,andmoreofthesametoyou!19.Thankyouverymuchforsayingso.20.Itskindofyoutosaythat.21.Howkindofyoutosayso.1.obtain2.appreciate3.Ph.D.4.teachings5.terrific6.IBMNew words and ExpressionsPART IIIMaintainingaSharpEyeTextAChristmasPresentWhenmyfatherdiedin1947,motherwenttoworktosupportus,takingajobasaclerkinaladieswearstore.Shesaved,tookloanstopayoffloansandresolvedtokeepthefamilytogether.BythetimeIwas18andhadfinishedhighschool,IwashappyandlookingforwardtospendingChristmaswithmyfriends.ButtwoweeksbeforeChristmas,mothertoldmeweweregoingtomygrandmothershousefortheholiday.Iwasholdingdownmyfirstjobandfeelingquitegrownup.Iintendedtosharethisspecialholidaytimewithmyfriendsinsteadofsomerelativesatanoldfarm.Butasthedaydrewnear,IrealizedthatnoamountofcoaxingwouldchangeMomsmind.WhenChristmasEvearrived,Momremovedallthedecorationsfromourtree.Shepackedthoseup，alongwithallthemakingsforacompleteturkeydinnerwiththetrimmings.Christmasmorningdawnedperfectly,withthesunshiningbrightlyacrossafreshblanketofsnow.ButIsatsilentlyinthebackseatofthecaraswemadeourwaytoGrandma.ThiswasgoingtobetheworstChristmasever!Grandmawassurprisedtoseeus.“Whatonearthareyoudoinghere?”shestammered.“WewerentexpectinganyoneandIdontevenhaveaturkeytocookforyou.”“Iknewthat,”Momsaidaswesetboxesofgoodiesonthekitchentable.“Thatswhywebroughtonewithus.”Momwarmedherselfbytheoldwoodstoveinthekitchen,thenscoldedUncleHenryfornothavingaChristmastree.“Wemusthaveone,”Mominsisted.“Otherwise,whatwillwedowithallthesedecorations?”UncleHenryquicklycaughtMomsspirit.Puttingonhisheavycoatandboots,hecalledmetojoinhim,andwescouredthewoodedhillsideuntilwefoundtheperfectChristmastree.Soonthehousesmelledfreshandpineyaswedecoratedthetree,andthedaytookonafestiveair.Theturkeydinnerwasexceptionallygood,too.IwasactuallybeginningtoenjoythisunusualChristmasDay.DessertwasforgottenuntilMomcameoutwiththefinalsurpriseaflamingChristmaspudding!“MerryChristmas,Mother,”Momsaid.“Dearme!”Grandmagasped.“IhaventseenaflamingpuddingsinceIleftEnglandandgotmarried.ThisisthebestChristmaseve!”Tearsofjoyfilledhereyes.Icouldntkeepthetearsfrommyeyes,either.IknewthenthatMomhadalsogivenmethebestChristmaspresentevershehadtaughtmewhatabeautifulthingitistogive.OriginofChristmasThenameChristmasisshortfor“ChristsMass”AMassisakindofChurchserviceChristmasisareligiousfestivalItisthedaywecelebrateasthebirthdayofJesusTherearespecialChristmasservicesinChristianchurchesallovertheworldButmanyofthefestivitiesofChristmasdonothaveanythingtodowithreligionExchanginggiftsandsendingChristmascardsarethemodernwaysofcelebratingtheChristmasIntheworldThebirthofJesushadastory：InNazareth，acityofGalileeThevirginsnamewasMarywasbetrothedtoJosephBeforetheycametogether，shewasfoundwithchildoftheHolySpiritJoseph，herhusbandwasmindedtoputherawaysecretlyWhilehethoughtaboutthesethings，Gabriel，anangeloftheLordappearedtohiminadreamandtoldhimdidnotbeafraidtotakeMaryaswifeAndMary，willbringforthaSon，andheshallcallhisname，Jesus,forhewillsavehispeoplefromtheirsinsBeforeJesusbirthsJosephandMarycametoQuintuswasgoverningSyriaSoallwenttoberegistered，everyonetohisowncityJosephalsowentupoutofGalileeoutofthecityofNazarethintoJudea，tothecityofDavidwhichiScalledBethlehem，becausehewasofthehouseandofthelineageofDavid，toberegisteredwithMary。hisbetrothedwife，whowaswithchildSoitwasthatwhiletheyweretherethedayswerecompletedforhertobedeliveredAndshebroughtforthherfirstbornSonandwrappedhiminswaddlingclothsandlaidhiminamangerbecausetherewasnoroomforthemAndthatChristmasISthefeastofthenativityofJesusison25th，DecembereveryyearButnobodyknowtheactualbirthdayofJesusAndtheChristmashasbecomepopularwhenChristmascardsappearedin1846andtheconceptofajoilySantaClauswasfirstmadepopularinnineteenthCenturyNew Words and Expressionsclerk/kl:k/n.店員，職員loan/lun/n.貸款，債務(wù)resolve/rizlv/v.決心，決定intend/intend/v.打算，計(jì)劃share/v.分享，分擔(dān)coax/kuks/v.勸誘，哄騙eve/i:v/n.前夜decoration/dekrein/n.裝飾，裝飾物pack/pk/v.捆扎，打包makings/meikiz/n.(常復(fù))制作材料，所需原料turkey/t:ki/n.火雞trimmings/trimiz/n.(常復(fù))配料blanket/blkit/n.羊毛毯backseatn.后座goody/gudi/n.好吃的東西scold/skuld/v.責(zé)怪，責(zé)備otherwise/waiz/ad.否則，要不然spirit/spirit/n.精神；態(tài)度boot/bu:t/n.靴子scour/skau/v.搜索hillside/hilsaid/n.山坡，山腰piney/paini/a.松樹(shù)的，松樹(shù)似的decorate/dekreit/v.裝飾festive/festiv/a.節(jié)日的，節(jié)慶的，歡樂(lè)的exceptionally/iksepnli/ad.例外地，額外地dessert/diz:t/n.(餐后的)甜點(diǎn)心，甜食pudding/pudi/n.布丁merry/meri/a.歡樂(lè)的，愉快的flaming/flem/a.橙黃色gasp/g:sp/v.喘息，喘氣Phrases and Expressionspayoff償還，還清lookforwardto期待，等待holddownajob在崗位上工作，保持職位share.with和分享（分擔(dān)，共有）packup把打成包，打包alongwith連同一起，隨同一起makeoneswayto好不容易地來(lái)到onearth究竟，到底takeon呈現(xiàn)，具有Wordstoknow1.die1)不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.死(+of/from)Hediedinbattle.他戰(zhàn)死疆場(chǎng)。2.(草木等)枯萎,凋謝3.(機(jī)器)突然停轉(zhuǎn)Theenginedied.引擎突然熄火了。4.【口】(常用進(jìn)行時(shí))渴望,切望(+for)+to-vHeisdyingtoseeyou.他極想見(jiàn)你。5.變得漠然(+to)6.變?nèi)?平息;消失;熄滅(+away/down/out)Hisloveforsciencewillneverdie.他對(duì)科學(xué)的熱愛(ài)永不會(huì)消退。2)及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.死于(.狀態(tài))+a.deathHediedaherosdeath.他英勇?tīng)奚?.resolve1)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.解決,解答;消除(疑惑等)Theletterresolvedallourdoubts.這封信消除了我們的一切疑慮。2.決心,決定+to-v+(that)Sheresolved(that)shewouldneverspeaktohimagain.她決心不再和他說(shuō)話。WeresolvedtovisitEuropeatleastonceayear.我們決定至少每年訪問(wèn)歐洲一次。3.議決,投票表決+to-v+(that)TheSenateresolvedtoacceptthePresidentsbudgetproposals.參議院通過(guò)決議接受總統(tǒng)的預(yù)算建議。4.使分解;解析;分辨(+into)Somechemicalcompoundscanberesolvedbyheat.一些化學(xué)化合物可以通過(guò)加熱分解。5.使變成(+into)Theinterviewresolveditselfintoapleasantchat.會(huì)見(jiàn)變成了愉快的閑聊。2)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.決心,決定(+on)Heresolvedongoingabroadtostudy.他決定到海外留學(xué)。2.決議,作出正式?jīng)Q定Q(+on/against)TheGovernmentresolvedonaboldpolicy.政府決定采取大膽的政策。3.分解,解體;消退Thischemicalresolveswhendistilledatahightemperature.這種化學(xué)品在高溫下蒸餾就會(huì)分解。名詞名詞n.1.決心,決意C+to-vHemadeafirmresolvetogiveupgambling.他下決心不再賭博。2.堅(jiān)決,剛毅,果斷UGeorgeWashingtonwasamanofgreatresolve.喬治華盛頓是一個(gè)非常剛毅的人。3.intend1)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.想要;打算+to-v+v-ing+(that)Heintendshissontomanagethecompany.他打算讓他兒子經(jīng)營(yíng)該公司。Iintendstudyingabroad.我打算出國(guó)留學(xué)。Iintendtostudyabroad.我打算出國(guó)留學(xué)。Letsaskherwhatsheintendsustodo.讓我們問(wèn)她要我們做什么。Whatdoyouintendtodotoday?你今天打算做什么?2.打算使.(成為);(為.而)準(zhǔn)備H(+for/as)O2Thattrapisintendedforyou.那個(gè)圈套是為你而設(shè)的。3.意指,意思是4.remove1)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.移動(dòng),搬開(kāi);調(diào)動(dòng)(+from/to)Studentsremovedseveraldeskstoanotherclassroom.學(xué)生們把幾張書(shū)桌搬到另外一間教室。Sheremovedthepaintingtoanotherwall.她把畫(huà)搬到另一面墻上。2.脫掉;去掉,消除(+from)Shesawhehadremovedhisglasses.她看到他摘下了他的眼鏡。3.使離去;把.免職;撤去(+from)Hewasremovedfromthepost.他被解雇了。Thecorruptofficialwasremovedfromoffice.這個(gè)貪官被罷了職。4.【婉】殺死,殺害5.【律】移交(案件)2)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.遷移,搬家(+from/to)Themanagersofficehasremovedtoanotherbuilding.經(jīng)理的辦公室已搬到另外一幢大樓里。2.【書(shū)】離開(kāi)3.移動(dòng)3)名詞名詞n.C1.距離,間隔;一步之差(+from)Youractionseemsseveralremovesfromreality.你的行動(dòng)似乎有些脫離實(shí)際。2.移動(dòng);遷移,搬家5.Warm1)形容詞形容詞a.1.溫暖的,暖和的Thedaywaswarmandcloudless.天氣溫暖而晴朗。2.保暖的;使暖的3.熱情的;衷心的AuntSueisaverywarmperson.蘇阿姨是個(gè)極為熱誠(chéng)的人。4.暖色的2)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.使暖和(+up)Thefiresoonwarmedtheroom.爐火很快使房間暖和起來(lái)。2.使興奮;使感興趣3)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.變暖和(+up)Theroomiswarmingup.房間暖和起來(lái)了。2.興奮,激動(dòng)(+up)HewarmedupwhenItoldhimthegoodnews.我把好消息告訴他時(shí),他很興奮。3.同情;產(chǎn)生好感(+to)Manyofuswarmedtothenewemployeeatonce.我們中許多人立刻喜歡上了那位新來(lái)的雇員。3)名詞名詞n.1.暖和的地方(或狀態(tài))theS2.【口】取暖,加熱SShelitthegasandgavethecoffeeanotherwarm.她點(diǎn)燃煤氣,把咖啡重新熱了一下。6.Scold1)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.罵,責(zé)罵;嘮嘮叨叨地責(zé)備Sheisalwaysscoldingherchildren.她老是斥責(zé)自己的子女。2)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.罵,叱責(zé)Hermotherscoldstoomuch.她母親訓(xùn)斥太多。3)名詞名詞n.1.【舊】好罵人的女人,愛(ài)抱怨的女人2.責(zé)罵CHisfathergavehimabadscoldthismorning.他父親今晨狠狠訓(xùn)了他一頓。7.insist1)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為+(that)Sheinsistedthathewaswrong.她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他錯(cuò)了。2.堅(jiān)決主張;堅(jiān)決要求+(that)Heinsistedthatwe(should)acceptthesegifts.他一定要我們收下這些禮物。Janeinsistedthathebepresent.珍堅(jiān)持要他出席。2)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.堅(jiān)持,堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為;強(qiáng)調(diào)(+on/upon)2.堅(jiān)決主張;一定要(+on/upon)Heinsistedon/uponmygoingwithhim.他堅(jiān)持要我跟他一起去。Iinsistonseeingit.我一定要見(jiàn)到它。8.join1)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.連結(jié);使結(jié)合(+to/together/up)Hejoinedthetwopiecesofwoodtogetherwithglue.他用膠水將這兩塊木料粘在一起。2.與.會(huì)合;與.交接Thispathjoinsthehighwayupahead.這條路在前面與公路相接。3.和.一起做同樣的事;和.作伴(+in/for)Willyoujoinusfordinner?你和我們一起吃晚飯好嗎?4.參加;作.的成員Illpersuadehimtojoinourclub.我將勸他加入我們的俱樂(lè)部。5.鄰接Thetwohousesjoineachother.這兩棟房子相互毗連。6.回到(崗位等)Afterafewdaysonshorethesailorjoinedhisship.在岸上待了幾天后,水手回到了他的船上。2)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.會(huì)合;相遇Wheredothetworiversjoin?這兩條河在什么地方會(huì)合?2.參加;同.一起(+in)Heneverjoinedintheusualsportsoftheboys.他從不參加孩子們的一般體育活動(dòng)。3.鄰接Thetwoestatesjoinatthefootofthehill.這兩處房地產(chǎn)在山腳下相毗連。3)名詞名詞n.1.接合點(diǎn);接連處CThejoinscanhardlybeseen.接縫幾乎看不出來(lái)。9.gasp1)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.(因驚訝等)倒抽一口氣(+at/with/in)Shegaspedattheghastlysight.那恐怖的景象令她倒抽一口氣。2.喘氣,上氣不接下氣Hewasgaspingforair.他氣喘吁吁。3.切望,渴望(+for/after)Theseamenweregaspingforthesightofland.海員渴望看到陸地。2)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.喘著氣說(shuō)(+out)Thewoundedsoldiergaspedoutafewwords.那個(gè)受了傷的士兵上氣不接下氣地說(shuō)了幾句話。3)名詞名詞n.1.倒抽一口氣;喘氣;喘息CThesickmansbreathswerecomingingasps.病人急促地喘起氣來(lái)。DetailedStudyoftheTextA1.Shesaved,tookloanstopayoffloansandresolvedtokeepthefamilytogether.她節(jié)省，借貸款去還貸款，并決心讓家人在一起save1)及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.救,挽救(+from)Hesavedmefromdrowning.他救了我,使我免遭溺死。Thedoctorsavedthechildslife.這位醫(yī)生挽救了孩子的生命。2.節(jié)省,省去;避免O1(+from)Thecomputerwillsaveusalotoftime.電將使我們省下許多時(shí)間。Theserobotswillsaveusalotoflabor.這些機(jī)器人可以節(jié)省我們大量勞工。3.儲(chǔ)蓄;儲(chǔ)存(+for)4.保留O1(+for)Hepromisedtosavearoomforme.他答應(yīng)給我留個(gè)房間。5.維護(hù),保全6.救(球),阻礙對(duì)方得(分)2)不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.儲(chǔ)蓄;積蓄(+up/for)Wevebeensavingforfiveyearstobuyahouse.為了買(mǎi)房子,我們已儲(chǔ)蓄了五年。2.節(jié)省,節(jié)約3.救,挽救payoff清償債務(wù)清償債務(wù)Wewillhavemoremoneytospendafterwepayoffourmortgage.在付清貸款后,我們會(huì)有更多錢(qián)花。Hehaspaidoffallhisdebts.他已還清了所有的債務(wù)。2.BythetimeIwas18andhadfinishedhighschool,IwashappyandlookingforwardtospendingChristmaswithmyfriends.到時(shí)我已18歲，并已完成了高中學(xué)業(yè)，我很開(kāi)心并期待著與我的朋友們一起過(guò)圣誕。lookforwardtodoingsth.期待做某事期待做某事Ilookforwardtobeingaloneinthehouse.我盼望著能自己一人在這所房子。I/Wewillbeatthe10BakerStreetatsixsharp,andlookforwardtoseeingyou.我(們)將于晚六點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)貝克大街10號(hào)，到時(shí)再會(huì)。IamfamiliarwithhisworkandlookforwardtohearinghisviewsonLiteraryandartisticcreation.我熟悉他的作品，并期待他能就文藝創(chuàng)作問(wèn)題發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解。3.Iintendedtosharethisspecialholidaytimewithmyfriendsinsteadofsomerelativesatanoldfarm.我想與我的朋友們一起分享這個(gè)特殊的節(jié)日而不是和親戚們呆在破舊的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。insteadof代替，而不是代替，而不是Theeconomyisshrinkinginsteadofgrowing.經(jīng)濟(jì)正在萎縮而不是在增長(zhǎng)中。Theshopkeepergaveusshortweight:wegot7.5kilosinsteadof10kilos.店主給我們的分量不足:應(yīng)該10公斤我們只得到7.5公斤。Thereisagrowingtendencyforpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices.人們?cè)诩依锒皇窃谵k公室里工作的趨勢(shì)日益增長(zhǎng)。4.Shepackedthoseup，alongwithallthemakingsforacompleteturkeydinnerwiththetrimmings.她打那些東西包好，并帶上了圣誕晚餐所需要的所有材料以及配料。packup打包，收好Allowthemafewminutesinwhichtopackuptheirthings.給他們一點(diǎn)時(shí)間收拾東西。along與.在一起Itisnotconsideredpolitetobringsomeonealongwithyouunlessyoufirstaskyourhost.除非事先問(wèn)過(guò)主人,否則帶未經(jīng)邀請(qǐng)的人參加是不禮貌的。makings制作材料，所需原料5.Grandmawassurprisedtoseeus.“Whatonearthareyoudoinghere?”shestammered.奶奶驚訝地看著我們?！澳愕降自谶@兒干什么？”她結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說(shuō)。onearth究竟究竟到底Whatonearthisthat?這到底是什么?Thisisamarketconditionnoforceonearthcanchange.這一市場(chǎng)情況任何力量也改變不了。Whoonearthisthatfemaleheswith?跟他在一起的那個(gè)女人究竟是誰(shuí)?besurprisedtodosth.驚訝做某事驚訝做某事besurprisedtosth.對(duì)某事感到吃驚對(duì)某事感到吃驚stammern./v.口吃，結(jié)巴口吃，結(jié)巴Itscrueltomakefunofpeoplewhostammer.嘲笑口吃的人未免不近人情。Hestammerswhenhefeelsnervous.他一緊張就結(jié)巴。Theboydarenotanswerthequestionsbecauseofhisstammer.這個(gè)小男孩因?yàn)榻Y(jié)巴不敢回答老師的問(wèn)題。6.Puttingonhisheavycoatandboots,hecalledmetojoinhim,andwescouredthewoodedhillsideuntilwefoundtheperfectChristmastree.他穿上他那厚重的大衣和靴子，叫我和加入他，我們搜遍樹(shù)木繁茂的山坡，直到我們找到最完美的那棵圣誕樹(shù)。heavy1.重的,沉的Theboxistooheavyforme.我覺(jué)得這盒子太重了。2.沉重有力的;劇烈的;熱烈的Iheardhisheavystepsonthestairs.我聽(tīng)到他上樓的沉重腳步聲。3.大的;大量的,多的Therewasheavyrainyesterday.昨天下了場(chǎng)大雨。4.費(fèi)力的;繁忙的;沉悶的Iamusedtoheavywork.我習(xí)慣于干重活兒。5.令人憂(yōu)郁的;(心情)沉重的Hewenthomewithaheavyheart.他懷著沉重的心情回到了家。6.行動(dòng)緩慢的;遲鈍的;笨拙的7.(食物等)難消化的Thefoodistooheavyonmystomach.這食物對(duì)我的胃來(lái)說(shuō)是太難消化了。8.(天空等)低壓的,陰沉的Helookedattheheavyskyandsighed.他看著陰沉沉的天空,嘆了一口氣。9.(海面等)波濤洶涌的;狂暴的Ourshiprolledandpitchedontheheavysea.我們的船在波濤洶涌的海面上搖晃顛簸。10.嚴(yán)厲的;大量耗用的F(+on)Thecarisheavyonoil.這輛車(chē)子耗油量大。scour急速穿過(guò);走遍(某地)搜索(+for)Thepolicescouredthecityfortherobbers.警察搜遍全城尋找搶竊犯。until的用法的用法1）連詞）連詞conj.直到直到為止為止uptothetimewhenIllwaituntilhearrivesandthenIllleave.我要等他來(lái)以后再離開(kāi)。Gostraightonuntillyoucometoalargeredbuilding.一直往前，走到一幢高大的紅色建筑物為止。Letswaituntiltherainstops.咱們等雨停吧。Theteacherkeptonaskingthestudentsquestionsuntilthebellrang.老師反復(fù)向?qū)W生提問(wèn)，直到下課鈴響。2）連詞連詞conj.（在否定句中）在（在否定句中）在之前之前in(innegativeconstructions)beforeIshantdothatuntilyoucomeback.在你回來(lái)之前，我不會(huì)干那件事。Wewontcometoanydecisionuntilwehavehadachancetodiscusstheproblemthoroughly.我們有機(jī)會(huì)充分討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題再?zèng)Q定下來(lái)。UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.在你告訴我之前，我對(duì)此一無(wú)所知。3）介詞）介詞prep.直到直到為止為止uptoacertaintimeItwasonlyaweekuntilChristmas.離圣誕節(jié)只有一個(gè)星期了。ShewillstayuntilSaturday.她要一直呆到星期六。4）介詞）介詞prep.在在之前；不到之前；不到（不）（不）beforeIcantcomeuntiltomorrow.我得明天才能來(lái)。Notuntilnoondiditstopraining.直到中午雨才停止。Untilthen,Iknewnothingatallaboutit.在那以前，我對(duì)此一無(wú)所知。Untilherfathersdeath,shehadalwayslivedinLondon.在她父親去世之前，她一直住在倫敦。7.Icouldntkeepthetearsfrommyeyes,either.我也忍不住的眼淚從我的眼睛。keep的常用習(xí)慣搭配1.keepback保留；隱瞞；阻止向前。如：Shecouldntkeepbackhertearsatthenews.聽(tīng)到那消息，她忍不住掉下了眼淚。Thebosskeptback100dollarsfromhissalaryfornothing.老板無(wú)端地從他的薪水中扣去了100美元。2.keepintouchwith.與保持聯(lián)系。如：Whilehewasoutsidetheship,hekeptintouchbytelephonewithhiscompanionandwiththeearth.當(dāng)他在飛船外面時(shí)，他用電話與同伴及地面上保持聯(lián)系。3.keepon(doingsth.)繼續(xù)（做某事）；反復(fù)（做某事）。如：Keepontrying,andyoullmakegreaterprogress.繼續(xù)努力，你將取得更大的進(jìn)步。4.keep.out不讓進(jìn)來(lái)。如：Thereisalotofairinloosesnow,andthishelpstokeepthecoldout.在松散的積雪里有許多空氣，這有利于御寒。5.keep.outof.使不進(jìn)入，使置身于之外。如：Pleasekeephimoutoftroublewhileheisstudyinghere.他在這里學(xué)習(xí)期間，請(qǐng)不要讓他有什么麻煩。6.keepup堅(jiān)持；保持；不使（斗志等）下落。如：Theycankeepuptheirnormalbodytemperatureeveninverycoldweather.他們即使在很冷的天氣里也可保持正常體溫。7.keepupwith保持；維持；繼續(xù)；跟上。如：Johnwasnotgoodatmathandhecouldntkeepupwiththerestoftheclass.約翰數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)得不好，他跟不上班上的其他同學(xué)。8.keepwatch守望；值班；放哨。如：Theyusedtokeepwatchatthetopofthetreeduringthewar.在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，他們通常在樹(shù)頂上放哨。9.keepawayfrom(使)離開(kāi)；遠(yuǎn)離。如：Inordertoreducediseasesweshouldkeepanimalsawayfrombodyindailylife.為了減少疾病，在日常生活中我們應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離動(dòng)物。TEXTBMardiGrasDayFormostNorthAmericans,MardiGrasissynonymouswiththecelebrationsheldinNewOrleans.AsCarnivalseasonapproaches,residentsofNewOrleansdecoratethecitywithstreamersandflagsinthetraditionalMardiGrascolorsofgreen,gold,andpurple.TheseasonbeginsformanypeopleonJanuary6whenkingcakesareserved.ItisEpiphany,aholidaycommemoratingthreekingsarrivedfromtheeasttohonortheChristchild.KingcakesarecircularpastriesusuallydecoratedintheMardiGrascolors.Traditionally,akingcakecontainingabeanorasmallbabysculpturewasdividedandservedtotheunmarriedwomenattendingaMardiGrasfeast.Whoeverreceivedtheslicecontainingthehiddenobjectwascrownedqueenofthefestival.Todaykingcakesarepopularwithofficework-ers,andthepersonwhofindsthehiddentreasureisobligedtobuythenextdayscake.CarnivalparadesthroughthestreetsofNewOrleansbegin12daysbeforeMardiGrasDay.Mostparades,sponsoredbyprivateandhighlysecretiveorganizationsknownaskrewes,combineimageryfromclassicalGreekandRomanmythologywithsatiricalreferencestocontemporaryevents.Duringtheparades,costumedkrewemembersridehighlydecoratedfloatsandthrowstringsofplasticbeadsandothergiftsintothecrowdsofspectatorsliningthestreets.Manykrewesholdelaborate,privateballsfollowingtheirparades.OnMardiGrasDay,manyordinarypeopledressincostumeandwanderthroughthecity.Revelersjamthenarrowstreetsofthecitysoldestneighborhood,knownastheFrenchQuarter.TheatmosphereintheFrenchQuarterismarkedbydrunkenenjoymentandgeneralabandon.BackgroundofMardiGrasMardiGrasisatraditio